老年人工关节置换过程中麻醉相关问题对其生物相容性的影响

人工关节置换后的翻修及其使用寿命,与假体本身﹑宿主及操作技术3者所发生的生物相容性反应密切相关。人工假体自身由两部分组成：金属部分以及与之紧密相配的坚硬的塑料部分。许多金属如不锈钢、钴铬钼合金和钛合金都可以用作假体材料。塑料材料为持久耐磨的聚乙烯、可塑性骨水泥用于将假体包埋在骨质中。宿主为各类关节损伤患者，以老年人居多。置换手术麻醉是操作技术中的重要一环。患者在麻醉情况下由医生进行人工关节置换。不同的麻醉方法对人工关节置换后生物相容性会产生不同的影响，麻醉并发症还会加重关节置换初期的周围组织损伤,导致关节松动或关节活动度不够等并发症。选取适当的麻醉方法，改造人工关节的设计，以及关节置换手术技术,会明显延长人工关节的使用寿命。

Anesthesia-associated issues and effects on biocompatibility after artificial joint replacement in the elderly

Prosthesis revision and service life after artificial joint replacement is highly correlated with the biocompatible responses among prosthesis per se, host, and manipulating technique. Artificial prosthesis consists of two parts: metal part and rigid plastic components. Many metals such as stainless steel, cobalt-chrome-molybdenum alloy and titanium alloy can be used as prosthesis materials. The plastic materials mainly include wear-resisting polythene, plastic bone cement that is used to embed the prosthesis into osseous substance. Host defines as the patients with various joint injury, mainly the elderly. Anesthesia is a key step in replacement. Artificial joint replacement is performed in patients under anesthesia. Different anesthesia methods bring variable influences on biocompatibility after surgery. In addition, complications of anesthesia may aggravate tissue lesions around operation sites in the early stage after replacement, leading to joint loosening or inadequate joint range of motion. Appropriate anesthesia, modified artificial joint design and joint replacement technique can prolong the serve life of artificial joint.