中学生心理健康水平与个性及防御方式的相关研究

目的 探讨中学生的心理健康水平及人格、防御方式对其心理健康的影响。方法采用整群抽样法抽取中学生463名，实施症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、防御方式量表（DSQ）测量。结果中学生心理问题的检出率为26、78％，男女检出率分别为22．01％，和33．33％。两者比较差异显著（x^2=7．37，P〈0．01）；男女学生各因子分比较，女学生在躯体症状、焦虑、恐怖症状因子、不成熟防御方式、中间型防御方式、精神质、神经质得分均高于男性；对防御方式、人格各因子与SCL-90各因子进行相关分析，SCL-90各因子与防御方式各因子、EPQ神经质、精神质因子呈正相关。对中学生的心理健康水平与人格、防御方式的关系在0．10水平上进行逐步回归分析，不成熟防御方式、神经质因子依次进入回归方程。结论女学生心理健康状况较男学生差，主要表现为躯体症状、焦虑、恐怖症状，防御方式、个性类型与心理健康密切相关，不成熟防御方式、神经质个性是影响心理健康的重要因素。

The study on the mental health level of students in middle school and the related factors

Objective To study the mental health level of student in middle school and explore the relationship among mental health with personality and defense style. Methods 463 students were investigated with Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ) , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). Results The check rates of psychological problem of students in middle school were 26.78%. the check rates in the male vs the female were 22.01% vs 33.33% respectively. It was found by comparing analysis that somatization, anxiety, phobic fact scores of SCL-90 of female students were higher than those of male. The scores of students in Defense Style, EPQ-N and EPQ-P were significantly correlated with the all scale of SCL-90. the result of the multiple regression indicated that neuroticism and immature defense style were the more important factors. Conclusions The mental health state of the female students in middle school were poor. The personality, immature defense style were main factors influencing the state of the mental health of students in middle school.