独居老人抑郁症状和抑郁症的调查

目的调查城市独居老人的抑郁症状和抑郁症情况。方法抽查上海市虹口区一个街道、两个居委的12岁以上常住人口共5512名，收集社会人口学资料并应用流调用抑郁量表（CES—D），对于CES—D评分在16分及以上者使用定式临床检查（SCID）进行诊断，分析60岁以上独居者的人口学、抑郁症状及抑郁症情况。结果60岁以上独居老人占调查对象的1．19％，占60岁以上老年人口的4．20％，独居老人的人口学资料和一般情况与非独居老人差异没有统计学意义。60岁以上老人的抑郁症状检出率为8．26％（118／1428），高于60岁以下者的抑郁症状检出率（4．2％）；60岁以上老人中抑郁症状检出率独居者高于非独居者（20．00％vs7．74％，χ^2=2．57，P〈0．01），抑郁症检出率独居者高于非独居者（5．0％vs0．58％,χ^2=14．66，P〈0．01）。结论城市人口老龄化程度高，老年人尤其独居者的抑郁症状及抑郁症检出率较高，应该重视独居老年人心理健康。

Survey on the depressive symptoms of the elderly living alone

Objective:To investigate the depressive symptoms and depression disorder of.urban elderly living alone.Methods:Five thousand five hundred and twelve subjects were included from residents over 12-year-old in Kongkou district of Shanghai.After demography information collecting,all of them were accessed by Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale(CES-D).Those scores over 16 were then diagnoses with Structure Clinical Interview SCID.Results:Five thousand and thirty-eight questionnaires were effivtive and 1428(4.2%)were over 60 years old.Sixty of them(19.2%)were living alone.There were no significant differences on the general social demography information between the elderly living alone and the other elderly.8.26% of the elderly were found had depressive symptoms,which was higher than those below 60 years old.The depressive symptoms of the elderly living alone was significant higher than other elderly(20.00% vs 7.74%,P<0.01),as well as depression disorder(5.0% vs 0.58%,P<0.01).Conclusion:The degree of aging was great and the depressive symptoms and depression disorder in elderly living alone were severe.Thus,the mental health of elderly living alone should be paid close attention to.