上海市199例网络成瘾中学生心理问题研究

目的了解上海初中、高中和职校的网络成瘾学生的心理健康问题特征。方法首先采用问卷筛选和老师、家长推荐相结合的方法,得到网络成瘾者可疑样本,然后采取临床访谈形式,以Beard改编的Young诊断标准结合功能受损程度,诊断出网络成瘾中学生199例,最后使用精神发育和健康状况评定量表（DAWBA）,得到网络成瘾学生心理问题情况。结果 199例网络成瘾中学生中65例（33.7%）存在心理问题,其中男生32.5%存在心理问题,女生为33.3%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.01,P=0.92）;网络成瘾初中生共存心理健康问题者多于高中和职校生（χ^2=17.22,P〈0.01）;网络成瘾中学生中注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）检出率为20.6%,其中,男生ADHD检出率高于女生（分别为23.8%,7.7%;χ^2=4.94,P=0.03）;而特殊恐惧、强迫、广泛性焦虑的检出率女生高于男生。结论网络成瘾中学生存在明显的共存心理健康问题现象,其中,男性网络成瘾者最常见的是ADHD,而女性网络成瘾中学生常见的是焦虑性障碍。

Assessment of co-morbid mental health problems in 199 middle-school and high-school students in Shanghai who meet Beard's criteria for internet addiction

Objective：Assess the mental health profile of middle-school,regular high-school and technical-course high-school students with internet addiction in Shanghai.Methods：A sample of students at high risk for internet addiction were identified by a self-completion questionnaire and by information provided by teachers and parents.A clinical interview administered to these high-risk students identified 199 who met Beard＇s revision of Young＇s criteria for internet addiction and were functionally impaired due to the condition.The development and well being assessment（DAWBA）was used to identify co-morbid mental health problems in these students.Results：In the 199 students with internet addiction,65（33.7%）met diagnostic criteria for at least one other disorder.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of co-morbid disorders for males（32.5%）versus females（33.3%）（χ^2=0.01,P=0.92）,but the prevalence was higher in middle-school students than in regular high-school students or technical-course high-school students（χ^2=17.22,P〈0.01）.The prevalence of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder（ADHD）was 20.6% in all 199 students;it was 23.8% in boys and 7.7% in girls（χ^2=4.94,P=0.03）.However,the prevalences of specific phobia,obsessive and compulsive disorder,and generalized anxiety disorder were significantly higher in girls than in boys.Conclusion：Middle-school and high-school student who meet criteria for internet addiction often have other co-morbid diagnoses.ADHD is the most common co-morbid condition in boys with internet addiction but anxiety disorders are more common in girls with internet addiction.