大骨瓣减压术治疗颅脑创伤后顽固性高颅压

目的 探讨大骨瓣开颅减压术(DC)治疗重型颅脑创伤(sTBI)后顽固性高颅压的作用及实施DC的时机对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析132例临床资料,根据伤后6个月时的GOS评分将其分为良好组(GOS 4～5分,n=55),不良组(GOS 2～3分,n=46)和死亡组(GOS 1分,n=31).研究DC对于sTBI患者伤后颅内压(ICP)和脑灌注压(CPP)治疗作用及不同时间实施DC对预后的影响.结果 本研究病例的死亡率为23.5%(31/132),恢复良好率41.7%(55/132).DC前后的ICP平均值为(35.0±12.8)mmHg和(18.3±12.0)mmHg(P＜0.05)、CPP平均值为(50.2±12.4)mmHg和(60.6±12.0)mmHg(P＜0.05),在恢复良好组,DC前后这两个指标变化则更为显著.在伤后不同时间段实施DC与死亡率和恢复良好率无显著相关性.结论 DC对于sTBI后弥漫性脑肿胀、脑水肿所致顽固性高颅压患者在存活组比死亡组更能有效地降低ICP和升高CPP,而伤后实施DC的时间对于预后影响不明显.DC后持续存在ICP≥25 mmHg是预测死亡的敏感指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of decompressive craniectomy (DC) to decrease the intractable intracranial hypertension(ICH) due to the diffuse brain swelling and/or cerebral edema after severe traumatic brain injury and the time window of DC to affect on the prognosis.Methods The clinical record of 132 patients who underwent DC for post- traumatic intractable ICH in our hospital from July 2003 to December 2009 with sTBI(Glasgow coma scale≤8) were analyzed retrospectively.The outcome was as measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the 6th month post-trauma and these patients were divided into favorable group(GOS 4～5,n = 55 ),unfavorable group (GOS 2 ～ 3,n = 46) and Death (GOS 1,n = 31 ).The influence of DC on intracranial pressure (ICP),cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and timing of DC on prognosis were analyzed.Methods Of 132 patients,mortality was 23.5% (31/132 ),favorable outcome was observed in 41.7% (55/132 ).Through undergoing DC,ICP decreased from (35.0±12.8) mmHgto (18.3±12.0) mmHg(P＜0.05)and CPP increased from (50.2±12.4)mmHg to (60.6±12.0)mmHg(P＜0.05).These changes were more significant in survivors than in non- survivors (P=0.001 and P=0.003).No tendency towards either increased or decreased in favorable outcome and mortality was found relative to the timing of DC post-trauma.Persistent ICP≥25 mmHg of post- DC was a predicted parameter of mortality(sensitivity 81.6% ,specificity 92.4%,positive predictive value 68.4%,negative predictive value 94.7%).Conclusion DC deceased ICP and increased CPP more obviously in survivors compared to non-survivors in sTBI with ICH.The timing of DC showed no clear trend,for either good neurological outcome or death.The postoperative ICP ≥ 25 mmHg was a threshold to predicted mortality.

Clinical significance of large decompressive craniectomy to control intractable increased intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury

Objective To investigate the role of decompressive craniectomy (DC) to decrease the intractable intracranial hypertension(ICH) due to the diffuse brain swelling and/or cerebral edema after severe traumatic brain injury and the time window of DC to affect on the prognosis.Methods The clinical record of 132 patients who underwent DC for post- traumatic intractable ICH in our hospital from July 2003 to December 2009 with sTBI(Glasgow coma scale≤8) were analyzed retrospectively.The outcome was as measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the 6th month post-trauma and these patients were divided into favorable group(GOS 4～5,n = 55 ),unfavorable group (GOS 2 ～ 3,n = 46) and Death (GOS 1,n = 31 ).The influence of DC on intracranial pressure (ICP),cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and timing of DC on prognosis were analyzed.Methods Of 132 patients,mortality was 23.5% (31/132 ),favorable outcome was observed in 41.7% (55/132 ).Through undergoing DC,ICP decreased from (35.0±12.8) mmHgto (18.3±12.0) mmHg(P＜0.05)and CPP increased from (50.2±12.4)mmHg to (60.6±12.0)mmHg(P＜0.05).These changes were more significant in survivors than in non- survivors (P=0.001 and P=0.003).No tendency towards either increased or decreased in favorable outcome and mortality was found relative to the timing of DC post-trauma.Persistent ICP≥25 mmHg of post- DC was a predicted parameter of mortality(sensitivity 81.6% ,specificity 92.4%,positive predictive value 68.4%,negative predictive value 94.7%).Conclusion DC deceased ICP and increased CPP more obviously in survivors compared to non-survivors in sTBI with ICH.The timing of DC showed no clear trend,for either good neurological outcome or death.The postoperative ICP ≥ 25 mmHg was a threshold to predicted mortality.