潍坊市青春期学生焦虑抑郁现状及其相关因素分析

目的调查潍坊市青春期学生的焦虑抑郁流行现状,探讨其焦虑抑郁等情绪障碍发生的影响因素。方法在2016年5~9月期间抽取潍坊市小学、初中、高中年龄处于10~18岁的青春期不同阶段学生435名,根据《中国精神障碍分类方案与诊断标准第3版》(CCMD-3)进行焦虑抑郁诊断。采用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders,SCARED)、抑郁障碍自评量表(depression self-rating scale for children,DSRSC)评定焦虑抑郁学生的焦虑抑郁情绪,采用自编的青春期焦虑抑郁影响因素调查问卷调查所有学生焦虑抑郁发生的危险因素。结果本次调查的435名青春期学生中,90名存在焦虑抑郁情况,发生比例为20.6%,平均年龄为(12.38±3.58)岁,女生在青春期焦虑抑郁的发生情况多于男生(26.5%vs.15.7%,P=0.026)。多因素logistic回归分析示,个人健康欠佳(OR=0.387,P=0.001)、父母陪伴时间少(OR=0.671,P=0.020)、父亲文化程度低(OR=0.338,P=0.001)、母亲文化程度低(OR=0.262,P=0.001)、父母关系差(OR=1.049,P=0.008)、教育方式不良(OR=0.471,P=0.016)是青春期学生焦虑抑郁发生的危险因素。结论青春期学生存在较多的焦虑抑郁等情绪问题,以青春期早期的女生多见,焦虑抑郁的发生与个人健康欠佳、父母陪伴时间少、父亲文化程度低、母亲文化程度低、父母关系差、教育方式不良等因素密切相关。

Study on status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression of adolescent students in Weifang city

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adolescent children, and to explore influencing factors of anxiety and depression. Methods From May 2016 to September, 435 students at the age of 10~18 were randomly selected from primary school, middle school, high school in Weifang city. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) were used to evaluate the Clinical manifestation of students with anxiety and depression. A survey on the factors influencing anxiety and depression in adolescence was used to evaluate the related factors of students with anxiety and depression. Results The incidence rate of the anxious and depression of adolescent children in Weifang City was 20.6% and the average age was (12.38±3.58). The occurrence rate of anxious and depression was higher in girls than in boys (26.5%vs. 15.7%, P<0.05). Personal unhealthy (OR=0.387, P=0.001), lack of parental accompaniment (OR=0.671, P=0.020), low parental educational levels(OR father=0.338, P=0.001; OR mather=0.262, P=0.001), poor parental relationship (OR=1.049, P=0.008), bad parenting styles (OR=0.471, P=0.016) were risk factors of anxious and depression in adolescent children (P<0.05). Conclusion Adolescent girls are the high incidence population of emotional disorder, especially in early adolescence. Lack of parental accompaniment, low parental educational levels, poor parental rela-tionship, bad parenting styles are closely related to anxiety and depression.