Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters mitochondrial dynamics by SIRT3-dependent mechanism in male mice |
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Authors: | Nina Klimova Aaron Long Tibor Kristian |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland;3. Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland |
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Abstract: | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central signaling molecule and enzyme cofactor that is involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes. NAD+ levels decline with age, neurodegenerative conditions, acute brain injury, and in obesity or diabetes. Loss of NAD+ results in impaired mitochondrial and cellular functions. Administration of NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), has shown to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics, reverse age-associated physiological decline, and inhibit postischemic NAD+ degradation and cellular death. In this study, we identified a novel link between NAD+ metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics. A single dose (62.5 mg/kg) of NMN, administered to male mice, increases hippocampal mitochondria NAD+ pools for up to 24 hr posttreatment and drives a sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)-mediated global decrease in mitochondrial protein acetylation. This results in a reduction of hippocampal reactive oxygen species levels via SIRT3-driven deacetylation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase. Consequently, mitochondria in neurons become less fragmented due to lower interaction of phosphorylated fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (pDrp1 S616]), with mitochondria. In conclusion, manipulation of mitochondrial NAD+ levels by NMN results in metabolic changes that protect mitochondria against reactive oxygen species and excessive fragmentation, offering therapeutic approaches for pathophysiologic stress conditions. |
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Keywords: | brain dynamin-1-like protein mitochondria mitochondrial dynamics nicotinamide mononucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ROS (reactive oxygen species) superoxide dismutase sirtuin 3 |
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