3~5岁听障与健听儿童情感语调发音的声学特征研究

目的探讨3~5岁听障儿童情感语调发音的声学特征。方法选取3~5岁17例(3岁8例,4岁4例,5岁5例)佩戴助听器(hearing aid,HA)儿童(HA组)、51例(3岁19例,4岁17例,5岁15例)人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implant,CI)儿童(CI组)以及32例(3岁10例,4岁9例,5岁13例)健听(normal hearing,NH)儿童(NH组),以自编6个语义中性的高兴和难过情感语调测试语料分别检测各组两种情感语调的平均基频(F0)、基频标准差(F0 SD)、基频范围(F0 range)、平均强度(intensity)、强度标准差(intensity,SD)、强度范围(intensity range)及时长(duration),比较三组儿童情感语调的声学特征。结果三组儿童高兴和难过语调发音的平均基频、平均强度和时长差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相比难过语调,NH组儿童高兴语调的基频标准差和基频范围更大,而HA组和CI组儿童的强度标准差和强度范围更大,与NH组儿童差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各项声学指标值在不同年龄儿童间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在情感语调发音中健听儿童主要利用更多的频率变化来改变语调,而佩戴助听器和人工耳蜗植入儿童则倾向于用更多的强度变化来表达情感;听障儿童在情感语调发音中展示了对韵律线索的利用能力。

Acoustic Characteristics of Vocal Emotion Sound of Hearing-impaired Children and Normal Hearing Children Aged 3~5

Objective To compare the acoustic characteristics of vocal emotion sound between the hearing aid(HA),cochlear implant(CI)and normal-hearing(NH)children.Methods A total of 17 HA(8 of them were 3 years old,4 of them were 4 years old and 5 of them were 5 years old),51 CI(19 of them were 3 years old,17 of them were 4 years old and 15 of them were 5 years old)and 32 NH(10 of them were 3 years old,9 of them were 5 years old and 5 of them were 5 years old)children aged from 3 to 5 years old were asked to imitate two emotions(happiness and sadness)sound of a woman from cues that conveyed by expressing neutrally semantic sentences.The acoustic parameters including F0,F0 SD,F0 range,intensity,intensity SD,intensity range and duration were compared.Results There was no significant difference in F0,intensity and duration between HA,CI and NH children(P>0.05).Compared with sad sound,happy sound of NH children had larger F0 SD and F0 range,while HA and CI children have larger intensity SD and intensity range,which was significant in different hearing levels(P<0.05).There was no significant difference of all the acoustic parameters among children with different ages(P>0.05).Conclusion The hearing-impaired children showed the ability to use prosody cues.But NH children used more frequency changes while HA and CI children used more intensity changes to express emotion.