某火炮连射手听器损伤的调查与研究

目的调查某炮兵连98名射手的听力状况,为改进射手听力防护措施提供理论依据。方法采用耳科常规检查、听力测试等方法对某炮兵连98名射手进行调查。结果98名射手鼓膜内陷者占1O.2%,混浊者占6.6%(包含鼓膜钙化者),穿孔者占0.5%。鼓膜改变与火炮射击年限有关,即射手实弹射击时间越长,鼓膜损伤越重。从听力改变看,低频听力下降者占9.2%,言语频率听力下降者占20.4%,高频听力下降者占55.1%,脉冲噪声和冲击波对射手高频听力损伤严重,并波及言语频率和低频听力。大口径火炮组和小口径火炮组高频听力损伤主要集中在4kHz和6kHz,但大口径火炮组听力损伤重于小口径火炮组,这主要与火炮口径有关。中小口径火炮组高频听力损伤主要集中在4kHz、6kHz、8kHz,混合火炮组射手全频听力损伤重于上述三组射手,主要原因是他们接触火炮种类多,射击时间长。结论火焰引起听器损伤与火炮口径、暴露时间长短及是否戴防护器具有关。

A survey of sound trauma in artillery soldiers

Objective To perform a hearing survey in a sample of 98 artillery soldiers. Methods The 98 artillery soldiers were examined with the otoscope and impedance audiometer. Their hearing was assessed as the average of the pure-tone air conduction thresholds of the low (0.125 kHz, 0.25 kHz), speech (0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz) and high (4 kHz, 6 kHz, 8 kHz) frequencies. Results Of the 98 artillery soldiers, the retraction of tympanic membrane, cloudy tympanic membrane and tympanic membrane perforation were seen in 20 (10.2%), 13(6.6%) and 1 (0.5%), respectively. These abnormalities had increasingly developed with the artillery shooting time. Hearing loss at low, speech and high frequencies accounted for 9.2%, 20.4% and 55.1% of the 98 artillery soldiers, respectively. Hearing loss was more severe in the soldiers exposing to the heavy artillery than to the small-caliber one. Conclusion Sound trauma-induced hearing loss is correlated with the artillery caliber, exposure time and whether or not wearing a protective device.