喉切除术后患者生活质量的评估

目的 评估喉切除术后患者的生活质量及其影响因素，以提出相应的对策。方法 以综合生活质量评定问卷、华盛顿大学生生活质量头颈调查表、咽喉功能调查表研究了山东大学齐鲁医院42例行喉切除术后的喉癌、下咽癌患者和38例健康人的生活质量。结果 喉切除术后患者在躯体、心理、社会功能方面显著差于对照组；各方面对生活质量影响作用在患者组自大到小依次为：心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活。影响喉切除术后患者生活质量的因素主要有：患者对病情的估计、工作情况、是否保留喉功能、呼吸情况、讲话情况、容貌、是否拔管等。影响喉切除术后患者心理功能的维度因素按其影响作用依次为躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活。影响患者社会功能的维度因素按其影响作用依次为心理功能、物质生活、躯体功能。喉切除术后患者的生活需求重点前5次依次为：身体健康、经济收入、心理健康、社会地位和受人尊重、娱乐生活。结论 全面研究喉切除术后患者的生活质量十分必要。喉切除术后患者的生活质量多种因素影响。争取通过心理干预、临床干预、社会干预的综合作用，喉切除术后患者的生活质量可望得到全面提高。

Quality of life following laryngectomy]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life and relevant factors following laryngectomy. METHODS: Quality of life was evaluated in 42 laryngeal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer patients following laryngectomy and in 38 controls. The assessment included General Quality of Life Inventory, University of Washington Quality of Life Head and Neck Questionnaire and a study specific questionnaire. RESULTS: The laryngectomized patients reported significant lower scores of quality of life than the controls in many aspects of physical health, psychological health and social function dimensions. For patients, the most important dimension affecting quality of life was psychological condition, and the others were physical function, social function, and economic condition in turn; while for the controls, they were of opposite order. The significant factors affecting quality of life in patients following total laryngectomy were their concern about prognosis, disfigurement, decannulation, employment, speech and breathing conditions. The most important factor affecting psychological condition was physical function, while psychological condition was the most important factor affecting social function. Items ranked in the top five included those related to physical function, economic condition, psychological condition, social situation and social communication. CONCLUSION: More attention should be paid to research about quality of life. The quality of life of patients undergone laryngectomy is affected by many factors. Through the integration of psychological, clinical and social interventions, the quality of life of patients may have an overall improvement.