汉语普通话语调的声学参数对比研究

目的 利用嗓音音质分析方法,通过对汉语语句句尾词声调分别为阴平、阳平、上声、去声的陈述句、疑问句、感叹句进行多个声学参数的测试,探索其在声学上的差异.方法 采用标准化录音获得7名男性被试在4种单一声调条件下的3种语调声音文件,利用自行编制的软件进行分析；提取每个语句中的浊音嗓音参数平均值（基频、开商、声门共振频率以及频谱倾斜频率）.运用统计学方法判断它们是否可以作为区分3种语调的参数.结果 4个参数在4个声调上,对3种语调有不同程度的区分度.结论 声门共振频率可作为区分语调特征的参数,基频和开商可以辅助区分陈述和疑问语调的特征差异.

A Comparative Study of Acoustic Parameters of Mandarin Chinese Intonations

Objective To examine the objective parameters of declarative, interrogative and imperative sentences with the last words in 4 different tones and to explore the differences of these parameters. Methods The sound documents of 3 kinds of intonations in 4 single tones pronounced by 7 males were obtained by ＂Real Speech＂ and the self-made software was used to analyze the data. The average values of voice parameters （F0, Open Quotient, Glottal Frequency, Tilt Frequency） in each sentence were extracted. The statistical method was used to decide whether they can be used to distinguish different kinds of intonations. Results The 4 parameters can distinguish 3 intonations in 4 tones to different degrees. Conclusion The Glottal Frequency is the most useful parameter for distinguishing different intonations, while F0 and OQ can also assist in differentiating declarative and interrogative intonations.