上海市7~18岁学生1985至2014年的超重和肥胖流行趋势

目的：分析上海市1985至2014年7~18岁学生的超重和肥胖的动态变化趋势。方法：选取1985（n=14 677）、1995（n=7 916）、2000（n=15 270）、2005（n=7 492）、2010（n=14 301）和2014（n=15 423）年6次中国学生体质与健康调研上海地区资料进行分析。采用中国学龄儿童超重、肥胖BMI分类标准。结果：基于上海市6个区总调查样本量，以10年（1985、1995、2005和2014年）为1个周期，随年代增长上海市7～18岁男、女学生BMI P50百分位数曲线逐年提高，总体男生较女生提高更为明显，不同年龄组的男女生BMI均值呈上升趋势且均为男生高于女生。2014年上海市BMI和全国比较，P50男女生均高于全国水平，P85和P95男女生11和12岁前与全国水平重合，之后高于全国水平。与1985年比较，2014年上海市7～18岁男生超重检出率增加了11倍（19.3% vs 1.7%），肥胖检出率增加了29倍（11.7% vs 0.4%），平均增长率为12.3%；上海市7～18岁女生超重检出率增加了7倍（11.6% vs 1.5%），肥胖检出率增加了31倍（6.4% vs 0.2%），平均增长率为12.7%。各年龄组男生超重检出率14.3%~26.9%、肥胖检出率7.3%～17.0%，男生11岁超重和肥胖检出率最高；各年龄组女生超重检出率8.6%~14.0%、肥胖检出率2.8%～11.2%，女生7岁超重和肥胖检出率最高。男生各年龄段超重和肥胖检出率均高于女生。结论：上海市1985至2014年7~18岁学生超重与肥胖检出率持续增长。低年龄段男生超重流行程度较为严重，已处于国际高位水平。

Study on epidemiological trend of overweight and obesity school-age children and adolescents over the past 29 years(1985-2014) in Shanghai,China

Objective The present study examined the prevalent trends in overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents over the past 29 years(1985-2014)in Shanghai.Methods Data for this study were obtained from six cross-sectional surveys(1985,1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2014)of school children in Shanghai.The sample sizes were 14 677,7 916,15 270,7 492,14 301,15 423,respectively.It was adopted that body mass index(BMI)percentile criteria of Working Group on Obesity in China(WGOC)for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents,analysis of the survey data of students' physical and health of 1985-2014 in 7-18 boys and grils in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the average growth rate.International comparison was based on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)BMI-for-age growth charts.Results General survey of 6 districts of Shanghai city was based on the sample size,in 10 years(1985,1995,2005 and 2014)for a period of time,with the increase of age,the students(7 to 18 years old)BMI P50 percentile increased year by year,the overall increase was more obvious in boys than girls,the mean of BMI showed an upward trend in different age groups and was higher in boys than girls.The overall trend of Shanghai and the all nation in 2014,BMI P50 of male and female students of Shanghai were higher than the national level,P85 and P95 of male and female students were coincidence with national level before 11 and 12 years old,then higher than the national level.From 1985 to 2014,the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among male and female students in Shanghai from 7 to 18 years old showed an upward trend,Compared with 1985,the boys prevalence rate of overweight increased 11 times(19.3%vs 1.7％),the prevalence of obesity increased 29 times(11.7％vs 0.4％),the average growth rate was 12.3％;the girls prevalence rate of overweight increased 7 times(11.6％vs 1.5％),the prevalence of obesity increased 31 times(6.4％vs 0.2％),the average growth rate was 12.7％.The boys prevalence rate of overweight was between 14.3％and 26.9％,the prevalence rate of obesity was between 7.3％and 17.0％,among all age groups,and the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity reached the highest at 11 years old.Among all age groups the girls prevalence rate of overweight was between 8.6％and 14.0％,the prevalence rate of obesity was between 2.8％-11.2％,and the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was the highest at 7 years old.There was gender difference in prevalence rate of overweight and obesity,boys were higher than girls.Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Shanghai increased rapidly between 1985 and 2014.The prevalence of overweight in boys with low age was more serious,and it was at the international high level.It is recommended to increase the relevant evidence,to develop targeted prevention and control measures.