上海市普陀区儿童喘息及哮喘流行病学调查

目的了解上海市普陀区儿童喘息和哮喘的患病状况,以及控制和治疗情况。方法整群随机抽样法抽取在普陀区10所社区卫生服务中心健康体检的婴幼儿和12所幼儿园的学龄前期儿童、3所小学及8所中学的学龄期和青春期儿童;对这些儿童和(或)其父母进行问卷调查。结果共调查11 771名儿童,其中男5 832名,女5 939名。在全体被调查者中,917名(占7.79%)有喘息或哮喘史,男性占9.34%、女性6.26%;喘息或哮喘现患率为4.21%,男性4.94%,女性3.40%,性别差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。无论是喘息或哮喘史,还是喘息或哮喘的现患率,均高于2000年上海市调查结果(4.52%,3.34%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.5、13.76,P均<0.01)。在>7岁有喘息或哮喘史的儿童中,第一次喘息发作年龄≤3岁者占55.94%。在喘息或哮喘现患儿童中,长期规范吸入糖皮质激素治疗者仅占13.51%。结论上海市普陀区,目前有喘息或哮喘史及喘息或哮喘现患率儿童的比例较2000年增加,儿童第一次喘息发作年龄小,哮喘儿童的长期规范治疗差。

The epidemiological survey of children's wheezing and asthma in Putuo district in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the prevalence and status of control and treatment of children’s wheezing and asthma in Putuo district in Shanghai.Methods Cluster random sampling method was adopted.Infants and toddlers who had health and well-being check in 10 community health service centers,preschool children in 12 kindergartens,and school children in three primary schools and eight secondary schools were recruited.The questionnaire survey was conducted in these children and their parents.Results A total of 11 771 children(5 832 males and 5 939 females)completed the survey.Among them,917 children(7.79%)had the medical history of wheezing or asthma.The rate of medical history of wheezing or asthma was 9.34% in males and 6.26% in females.The overall prevalence rate of wheezing or asthma was 4.21%.The prevalence rate of wheezing or asthma was 4.94% in males and 3.40% in females respectively,which was significantly different between male and female(P < 0.001).Both of the rate of medical history and the prevalence of wheezing or asthma were significantly higher than the results of year 2000 survey in Shanghai(4.52%,3.34%)(χ2 = 122.5,13.76,P < 0.01).Among the children older than 7 years with history of wheezing and asthma,55.94% had the first onset of wheezing before 3 years old.In children suffering wheezing and asthma,only 13.51% had long term inhaled glucocorticoid treatment.Conclusions The prevalence of wheezing and asthma is increased than 2000 in Putuo district in Shanghai.The first time onset of wheezing happened in early age.The long term standard treatment in asthmatic children is poor.