微生态制剂防治新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎病例对照研究

目的：探讨新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的危险因素及应用微生态制剂(培菲康)预防NEC发生的有效性。方法：对2002年1月至2005年5月住院治疗的2528例新生儿分为微生态制剂预防组与非预防组,观察两组NEC的发病率;以确诊NEC的患儿为病例组,非NEC新生儿为对照组进行病例对照研究。结果：预防组1182例中6例诊断为NEC,发病率0.51%;非预防组1346例中19例发生NEC,发病率为1.41%,两组差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。条件Logistic回归分析提示:胎龄、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、败血症及病情危重程度是危险因素;微生态制剂的应用是保护因素。结论：避免NEC的危险因素,预防性应用微生态制剂能够降低NEC发病率。

Role of probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a case-control study

Objective To assess the role of probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to investigate the risk factors for NEC. Methods A total of 2 528 hospitalized neonates between January 2002 and May 2005 were assigned into either receiving prophylactic use of probiotics bifoco (Prevention group, n=1 182) or without probiotics supplementation (Control group, n=1 346). The incidence of NEC was compared between the two groups. The risk factors for NEC were investigated by conditional logistic regression multifactorial analysis. Results There were 19 cases of NEC in the Control group (1.41%), but only 6 cases in the Prevention group (0.51%) (P<0.05). Gestational age (OR=5.521), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (OR=3.887), specticemia (OR=4.854) and critical illness scores (OR=5.989) were the risk factors for NEC, while the prophylactic use of probiotics was an independent protective factor for NEC (OR=0.255). Conclusions The prophylactic use of probiotics may reduce the incidence of NEC in neonates.