2013-2018年北京市海淀区麻疹风疹疑似病例血清学检测结果分析

 目的 探讨麻疹、风疹的流行病学特征,为麻疹、风疹的疫情监测提供实验室诊断依据。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)对北京市海淀区2013-2018年麻疹、风疹疑似病例血清样本中的麻疹IgM和风疹IgM抗体同时进行检测,结果使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2013-2018年共检测麻疹、风疹疑似病例476例,其中麻疹IgM抗体阳性153例,阳性率为32.14%,不同年份阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=34.82,P<0.01);风疹IgM抗体阳性32例,阳性率为6.72%,不同年份阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.76,P<0.01)。麻疹IgM抗体阳性病例中,男女性别比为0.96∶1,男女之间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.70);风疹IgM抗体阳性病例中,男女性别比为3.00∶1,男女之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.33,P<0.05)。麻疹和风疹IgM抗体阳性病例主要为外省户籍病例,分别占56.21%和68.75%;麻疹抗体阳性病例主要为无免疫史病例,占55.56%。3-5月为麻疹、风疹的集中发病期。结论 应加强重点人群的常规接种,加强外省户籍人口的管理,接种疫苗,从而降低麻疹、风疹发病率。

Serological results in suspected measles and rubella cases in Haidian District of Beijing from 2013 to 2018

Objective To analyze the serological results in suspected measles and rubella cases in Haidian District of Beijing between 2013 and 2018, to investigate the epidemiology and to provide laboratory support for the diagnosis of measles and rebulla.Methods IgM antibodies in serum samples of suspected measles and rubella cases in Haidian between 2013 and 2018 were detected by ELISA,and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.Results A total of 476 suspected cases of measles and rubella were detected between 2013 and 2018, 153 of which were positive cases of measles IgM antibodies,so the positive rate was 32.14%. The positive rate was significantly different in different years(χ²=34.82,P<0.01). There were 32 positive cases of rubella IgM antibodies,so the positive rate was 6.72%, but there was significant difference between these years(χ²=19.76,P<0.01). In the positive cases of measles , the ratio of males to females was 0.96∶1, so there was no significant difference between the two sexes(χ²=1.70).Among the positive cases of rubella , the ratio of males to females was 3.00∶1, so there was significant difference between the two sexes(χ²=6.33,P<0.05).The positive cases of measles and rubella were mainly from migrant populations, and the positive rates were 56.21% and 68.75% respectively. The positive cases of measles were mainly those who had never been immunized, and the positive rate was 55.56%. The peak season of measles and rubella was from March to May.Conclusions The routine vaccination of vulnerable populations should be improved and migrant populations should be more effectively monitored in order to reduce the morbidity of measles and rubella.