Postural balance and oculomotor control are influenced by neck kinaesthetic functions in elite ice hockey players |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoseva 4, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Koper, Polje 42, SI 6310, Izola, Slovenia;1. Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland;2. Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;1. Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland;2. Poznan Medical University, Dept. of Physiotherapy, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Jozef Strus Municipal Hospital, Poznan, Poland;3. Stanisław Staszic University of Applied Science in Pila, Poland;4. Department of Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland;5. Department of Theory of Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland;6. Chair of Motor System Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland;1. Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;2. Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan;1. Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research Group, University of Brighton, UK;2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada;3. Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, USA;1. KULeuven- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Campus Brugge, Spoorwegstraat 12, Brugge, 8200, Belgium;2. Institut D’Enseignement Supérieur Parnasse Deux-Alice, Division of Podiatry, Bruxelles, Belgium;3. Department of Podiatry, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium;4. KULeuven- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Campus Leuven, Tervuursevest, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium;5. University of Malaga, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Malaga, Spain;1. Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, United States;2. Pennsylvania State University College of Engineering, 202 EE East Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundResearch indicates that neck kinaesthetic awareness plays an important role in oculomotor and balance control, however the relationship has not been studied in athletes. As performance in ice hockey demands visual perception acuity during skating, while constantly shifting between unilateral and bilateral stances in sports specific posture more in-depth relationship should be studied.Research questionWhat is the relationship between neck kinaesthetic awareness, postural balance and eye movement control in professional ice hockey players and non-trained individuals?MethodsIn this observational study, centre-of-pressure was measured using force plate in twenty-eight hockey players and thirty non-trained participants during different stances in eyes-opened and eyes-closed conditions. Butterfly test and Head-to-Neutral Relocation test were performed to assess neck kinaesthesia. Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements were measured using video-oculography. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between neck kinaesthesia, body sway and oculomotor control.ResultsTime-on-target in Butterfly test was able to predict low to medium proportions of variance in amplitude and velocity parameters for single leg stances in hockey players (R2 = .220–.698). Head-to-Neutral Relocation test was able to predict low to medium proportion of variance in average eye movement velocity during first 100 milliseconds of smooth pursuit initiation for both groups (R2 = .262–.541).SignificanceFindings from our study suggest that cervical spine afferent input plays an important role in maintaining unilateral postural balance in hockey players, with less evidence presented in controls. Sports specific posture or upper body loading could lead to adaptations in neck proprioception, not frequently considered when searching for balance related injury risk factors or performance deficits. Our study suggests, that in addition to balance control, neck kinaesthesia can also affect oculomotor performance which was present in both groups. This is especially evident when initiating changes in eye movement direction. |
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| Keywords: | Sports Cervical spine Postural adaptations Vision Biomechanics Eye movement control |
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