Appendicular and mid-thigh lean mass are associated with muscle strength,physical performance,and dynamic balance in older persons at high risk of falls |
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| Institution: | 1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia;2. Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia;1. Department of Health Professions, Physical Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, United States;2. La Crosse Institute for Movement Science (LIMS), University of Wisconsin, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, United States;3. Gundersen Health System, Sports Medicine Department, 311 Gundersen Drive, Onalaska, WI, United States;1. Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA;2. Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;1. From the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria;2. The Laboratory for Gait and Human Movements, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria;3. Diagnostic Imaging, Institute Fruehwald, St. Poelten, Austria;1. Prosthetic & Orthotics and Assistive Technology, Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan;2. Department of Human Environment Design, Faculty of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundFalls in older persons are associated with muscle mass and strength alterations, which may also affect balance parameters. However, the most appropriate combined approach to assess muscle and balance components that predict falls in older persons is still lacking.Research questionWe hypothesized that appendicular lean and/or mid-thigh mass and muscle strength and performance are positively associated with balance indices and fall risk in older persons.MethodsCross-sectional analyses of retrospective data from 260 participants with risk and/or history of falls examined at a Falls and Fracture Clinic. Assessments included a comprehensive clinical exam, bone densitometry and body composition by DXA, grip strength, gait speed, posturography, timed up and go (TUG) and four-square step (FSST) tests. Retrospective falls and fracture history was collected. Associations between appendicular and mid-thigh lean mass and muscle strength/performance vs balance indicators were determined before and after adjusting for age and gender.ResultsMean age of participants was 78 ± 6.7 (65?96) years. Both appendicular and mid-thigh lean masses corrected for BMI (but not for height2), and muscle strength and performance measures are associated with better dynamic balance. Conversely, static balance indicators showed less consistent associations with lean mass. Only TUG and sit to stand time consistently showed significant associations with most static balance indicators.SignificanceCombined with strength and performance parameters, ALM and mid-thigh estimates adjusted by BMI strongly correlate with dynamic balance parameters and could become practical elements of falls risk assessment as well as markers of therapeutic response to falls prevention interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Balance Falls Mid-thigh Sarcopenia Osteosarcopenia Muscle |
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