Assessment of blood 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid concentrations: Age and sex differences,and correlation with carboxyhemoglobin in fire victims |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China;1. Forensic DNA Typing Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore 53700, Pakistan;2. Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta (BAUITEMS), Pakistan;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;2. School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University, Tripura 799001, India;3. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;4. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;5. Department of Anthropology, (UGC Centre of Advanced Study), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;1. Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Area Medica, Medicina Legale, Italy;2. Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale (ASFO), Dipartimento di Prevenzione, SOSD di Medicina Legale, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Recently, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a cyanide (CN) metabolite, has been proposed as a stable diagnostic marker of CN poisoning. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify ATCA concentrations in human postmortem blood samples, and differences in ATCA concentrations according to age and sex were determined. Both age and sex had significant effects on blood ATCA concentrations. Although ATCA concentrations exhibited an inverted U shape with increasing age in men, in women ATCA concentrations plateaued at around 40–59 years of age. There were significant differences between the sexes in ATCA concentrations for the 20–39 and 40–59 year age groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Correlations between ATCA concentrations and carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) saturation were also examined in fire victims. ATCA concentrations increased significantly with increasing CO-Hb saturation (r = 0.382, P < 0.01). In addition, ATCA concentrations were also correlated to CN concentrations (r = 0.309, P < 0.05). The results of our study may provide novel information about the contribution of CN poisoning to the cause of death at fire scenes. |
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| Keywords: | 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid Cyanide poisoning Sex and age differences Carboxyhemoglobin Fire victims LC/ESI–MS/MS |
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