Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, Shandong 250014, People''s Republic of China;2. Institute of Forensic Pathology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People''s Republic of China;3. Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Judicial Expertise Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People''s Republic of China;4. Experimental Testing Center, Shandong Haineng Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People''s Republic of China;5. Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China;1. Forensic DNA Typing Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore 53700, Pakistan;2. Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta (BAUITEMS), Pakistan;1. Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Area Medica, Medicina Legale, Italy;2. Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale (ASFO), Dipartimento di Prevenzione, SOSD di Medicina Legale, Italy;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;2. School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University, Tripura 799001, India;3. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;4. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;5. Department of Anthropology, (UGC Centre of Advanced Study), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India |
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| Abstract: | Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration. |
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| Keywords: | Forensic chemistry Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) VOC profile Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (HS-GC-IMS) Species identification |
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