Baclofen (fun drug) and ethanol combined poisoning in humans: A histopathology and morphometry model |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of General Physiology, Medical Institute of Russian University of People Friendship, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia;2. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, India;3. Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Medical Institute of Russian University of People Friendship, Moscow, Russia;4. Department of Forensic Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;5. Institute of General Resuscitation Named After V. A. Negovsky Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Reаnimatology and Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;1. The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;2. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, and Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;1. Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan;1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA;2. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA;3. Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA;4. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA;1. Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy;2. Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Anatomo Patologo Dirigente Medico UOC Anatomia Patologica, Milano, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche “Cesare Beccaria”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy;1. Precision Medicine, Networked Services, Bessemer Wing, King''s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK;2. PO Box 498, Northwich, Cheshire, CW9 9BE, UK |
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| Abstract: | Background– This study intends to address the scarcity of data regarding the pathogenesis of Baclofen poisoning in humans, which has seen a recent increase, worldwide, especially amongst the young people. Another reason for the conduction of this study was lack of the substantial data about the histo-pathological findings of lungs, in synergistic toxicity of Baclofen with Ethanol, in-spite of it being very common in humans, and both being respiratory depressant with similar mechanism of action.Purpose– The authors aimed to understand the pathogenesis of fatal poisonings in humans due to Baclofen in combination with Ethanol via an animal research model. The enhancement of the overall scientific literature by extending research along the lines of the handful studies available in this regard was another adjunct goal of the study.Material and methodsFifteen Wistar rats were divided into control and test group of five and ten subjects respectively. The test group was further divided into two sub-groups of five each, with Baclofen administered to one, and it in conjunction with Ethanol to the other, in lowest dosages adjusted for the humans. Rats in both the groups were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae for the histopathology examination.ResultsCapillary and venous plethora, hemorrhages in the inter-alveolar septi, hemorrhages into the alveoli and sludging was seen in the 1st sub-group. The plethora of venules, capillaries and arterioles, with sludging by the WBC (white blood corpuscle) infiltrates was seen in the 2nd sub-group. Desquamation of the ciliated epithelium and edematous thickening of the intra-alveolar septi, along with features suggestive of the peri-vascular edema was seen in the 2nd sub-group. The morphometric analysis of the micro vessels showed a significantly higher value of the arteriolar diameter in the 2nd sub-group, in comparison to 1st, but the venular diameter in the two sub-groups did not differ to any extent. |
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| Keywords: | Baclofen Ethanol Poisoning Lung histo-pathology Respiratory depressants Drug abuse |
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