MicroRNA在肺小结节鉴别诊断中的研究进展

近些年，随着低剂量计算机断层扫描（low-dose computed tomography，LDCT）的广泛应用，肺癌早期检出率大幅提升，如何有效鉴别肺结节良恶性成为肺癌早期诊断的关键问题之一，尤其是直径＜10 mm的肺小结节。液体活检以其标本易于获得、可重复检测和非侵入性的特点有望与其它技术成为肺癌早期联合诊断的手段。microRNA作为液体活检的重要成员，在鉴别肺小结节良恶性方面可发挥重要作用。在此，本文对近年来关于microRNA在肺癌早期诊断及预后判断中相关研究进行了综述，以期为进一步研究microRNA参与多层次、多维度肺小结节鉴别诊断提供参考。

Research progress on the clinical significance of microRNA in the differential diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules

In recent years, with the widespread application of low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT), the early detection rate of lung cancer has increased significantly. However, at present, while improving the detection rate of lung cancer, the effective identification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules has become one of the key issues in the early diagnosis of lung cancer, especially for small nodules with a diameter of less than 10 mm. Liquid biopsy is expected to become a clinical joint diagnosis strategy for lung cancer with other techniques due to its advantages of easy access to specimens, reproducible detection, and non-invasiveness. Many studies have shown that microRNA, as an important member of liquid biopsy, can play an important role in identifying benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. We reviewed the related research on the role of microRNA in the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer in recent years, in order to provide a reference for further research on the role of microRNA in the differential diagnosis of multi-level and multi-dimensional pulmonary nodules.