颅内静脉窦血栓形成的个体化介入治疗

目的 探讨个体化介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的疗效和安全性.方法 对12例临床抗凝治疗无效的CVST患者根据发病的严重程度及病程特点行个体化介入治疗.以患者临床症状及体征、脑脊液压力及脑动静脉循环时间为疗效观察和随访指标.12例患者均接受经静脉插管接触性溶栓联合机械性碎栓治疗,其中3例在接受经静脉途径溶栓后又接受了经动脉溶栓.术后继续抗凝治疗6个月;随访12～24个月,平均(18±4)个月.结果 术后,12例患者中2例仍存在轻度头痛,但较治疗前明显减轻.1例遗留轻度偏瘫,3例遗留复视或视物模糊,腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力从术前的28～38 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),平均(32.4±3.0)cm H2O,均降至26 cm H2O以下,脑血管造影显示脑动静脉循环时间从术前的11～20 s恢复至10 s以内,未再发生血栓形成和新的神经功能缺失症状.除1例患者出现股静脉穿刺部位皮下渗血外,其余患者均未发生与操作相关的颅内或全身出血并发症.结论 个体化介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓是安全、有效的治疗手段.

Individualized endovascular treatment of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for intracranial venous sinus thrombosis based on individual condition. Methods Twelve patients with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis were treated with endovascular management according to the severity and course of disease after they failed to respond to anticoagulant therapy. The clinical signs and symptoms,cerebrospinal fluid pressure and arteriovenous circulation time were observed and followed up (including MRV). Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombus maceration were carried out in all 12 patients,while intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombus maceration in combination with intra-arterial thrombolysis were employed in 3. After the treatment, anticoagulant therapy was carried out for 6 months.The patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months. Results Of the twelve patients, clinical signs and symptoms included slight headache (2 cases), mild hemiplegia (1 case), ambiopia or blurred vision (3 cases). The cerebrospinal fluid pressure returned to under 26 cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)following treatment from 28 to 38 cm H2O mean (32. 4 ±3.0) cm H2O] in preoperative measurement and the arteriovenous circulation time returned to below 10 s in all patients following treatment. Neither recurrence of thrombosis nor new symptoms of neurologic dysfunction was observed. No procedure-related intracranial or systemic hemorrhagic complications occurred both during and after the operation with the exception of a subcutaneous bleeding at the venopuncture site. Conclusion Endovascular treatment is effective and safe for patients with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis.