氨基酸维生素制剂对力竭疲劳大鼠下丘脑超微结构及神经递质的影响

目的 探讨氨基酸维生素制剂对力竭运动大鼠下丘脑超微结构及中枢神经递质变化的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠36只,适应性游泳后随机分为胶囊组、对照组和冲剂组,每组12只.3组分别给予复方氨基酸胶囊、正常饮用水和氨基酸果糖粉固体饮料(2.5ml/100g,每日灌胃2次,连续14d).采用无负重游泳方式建立大鼠力竭游泳模型,实验持续14d.末次游泳力竭结束后,取大鼠下丘脑组织,采用电镜观察下丘脑超微结构；采用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC-ECD)检测下丘脑组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、对羟基苯乙酸(HOPAC)和y-氨基丁酸(GABA)的浓度.结果 胶囊组和冲剂组脑细胞胞质内线粒体结构基本完整；对照组细胞肿胀变性,线粒体可见不同程度肿胀,电镜下超微形态变异较明显,膜、嵴均有溶解、断裂现象,甚至整个线粒体崩解,出现空泡化.胶囊组和冲剂组大鼠下丘脑中5-HT、5-HTAA、HOPAC和GABA浓度均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 复方氨基酸维生素制剂可通过降低下丘脑超微结构改变和神经递质水平来提高中枢抗疲劳能力.

Effects of amino acids and vitamins on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamus and neurotransmitter in exhausted rats

Objective To investigate the effect of amino acids and vitamins on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamus and neurotransmitter in exhausted rats.Methods After adaptive swimming,36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,namely,capsule,control,and granules,with 12 rats in each group.Rats in 3 groups were given respectively amino acids capsule,normal drinking water,or amino acid-fructose beverage,(2.5ml/100g,2 times per day by gavage for 14 days).Exhaustion of rats was reproduced by non-loading swimming.The duration of the experiment lasted 14d.After the last exhaustive swimming,the hypothalamus of the rats was removed for the observation of its ultrastructure under electron microscope.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA),hydroxyphenyl acetic acid(HOPAC),and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in hypothalamus were measured with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC-ECD).Results The mitochondrial structure in the brain cells of the capsule and granules groups were basically intact.On the other hand,the cells in the control group were swollen and degenerated.Swelling in different degrees could be seen in the mitochondria.In addition,obvious ultrastructure morphological changes were observed under electron microscopy.Dissolution and rupture of the cell membrane,and cristae were noted,even with the whole mitochondria disrupted and vacuolated.The contents of 5-HT,5-HTAA,HOPAC,and GABA in the hypothalamus of rats in the capsule and the granules groups were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Amino acids and vitamins compound can increase the resistance of the nerve center to fatigue by alleviating pathological changes of ultrastructure and changes in neurotransmitter levels of the hypothalamus.