730名放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊风险分析

目的 探索小剂量长期慢性照射与眼晶状体混浊之间的关系。方法 抽取一个体检机构1 007份在岗放射工作人员一个完整年度职业健康体检资料进行统计分析。采用Logistic回归分析，调整年龄、性别、放射工龄后，估计不同职业照射岗位眼晶状体混浊的风险比值比（OR）。眼晶状体混浊按照部位分为皮质部、核部和后囊下混浊。任何一只眼睛的晶状体出现混浊即记为混浊。结果 信息完整能够进行统计分析的有730例。放射工作人员眼晶状体各部位混浊率为10.27%。诊断放射学与放射治疗组（普通放射诊疗组）、介入组、核医学组、工业应用组混浊率分别为9.07%、11.11%、18.18%、9.33%。与放射诊疗组相比，介入组、核医学组的放射工作人员更易发生后囊下晶状体混浊，OR值和95%置信区间分别为3.00 （1.23~7.33）、4.12 （1.68~10.11）。结论 长期慢性接受小剂量照射从事介入、核医学的放射工作人员晶状体混浊，尤其是辐射所致特异的后囊下晶状体混浊检出率显著高于放射诊疗组。

Analysis of lens opacity among 730 radiation workers

Objective To explore whether low-dose occupational ionizing radiation exposure can affect the prevalence of lens opacity. Methods Annual occupational health checkup data of 1 007 radiation workers was taken from a provincial medical institution for the purpose of statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate occupational exposure odds ratios (OR) of lens opacity, adjusted for age, gender and length of service. Eye lens opacity was grouped into cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular opacity according to the position of the opacity occurrence site. Opacity occurred in any one of the both eye lens was recorded as turbidity. Results Only 730 cases coupled with complete information could be used in the statistical analysis. The rate of lens opacity for all the radiation workers was 10.27%. The rates of lens opacity by exposure group were estimated to be 9.07% for radiation diagnosis and therapy group, 11.11% for intervention group, 18.18% for nuclear medicine group, and 9.33% for industrial application group, respectively. Compared with those in the radiation diagnosis and therapy group, the workers engaged in intervention medicine, or nuclear medicine, were more likely to suffer from the lens opacity in posterior subcapsular position. The OR and its 95% confidence intervals were 3.00 (1.23-7.33), 4.12(1.68-10.11) for the workers in intervention medicine or nuclear medicine group. Conclusions Medical radiation workers, who were exposed to long-term low-dose of ionizing radiation, especially those who engaged in intervention or nuclear medicine, were at significantly higher risk to develop lens opacity.