不同年龄段儿童与成人肺部CT扫描体型特异性剂量估计

目的 使用常规辐射剂量评估参数与体型特异性剂量估计方法比较不同年龄段儿童和成人肺部CT扫描时所受辐射剂量的差异。方法 回顾性连续抽样华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2017年1月至2018年7月肺部CT扫描患者，共406例，按照年龄分为6组（0~2岁、3~6岁、7~10岁、11~14岁、15~18岁、18岁以上）。基于MATLAB平台开发的dicom数据处理软件，抽取每例患者的容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）值、剂量长度乘积（DLP）值，同时根据美国医学物理师学会（AAPM）220报告提出的体型特异性剂量估计（SSDE）方法，计算每例患者的水当量直径D_w及SSDE值。分析分别使用两种方法时，不同年龄段儿童和成人肺部CT扫描时所受辐射剂量的差异。结果 各年龄组CTDI_vol值均显著低于SSDE值，差异有统计学意义（t=-36.36、-32.83、-30.36、-28.74、-23.89，P<0.05），不同年龄组SSDE值较CTDI_vol值分别增加137%、94%、79%、57%、42%。成人组的CTDI_vol值同样低于SSDE值，差异有统计学意义（t=-21.92，P<0.05），SSDE值较CTDI_vol值增加41%。随着年龄的升高，各年龄组儿童患者CTDI_vol值、DLP值、D_w值、SSDE值逐渐升高，并均明显小于成人组，差异有统计学意义（F=63.39、203.28、89.27、103.44，P<0.05）。各年龄组的转换系数f随着年龄的增加显著降低，均明显高于成人组，差异有统计学意义（F=109.83，P<0.05）。结论 在肺部扫描中，相比于成人，CTDI_vol会严重地低估儿童所受的辐射剂量，年龄越小的患者，被低估得越严重，而SSDE方法考虑到受检者体型差异，能够更准确地反映不同患者所受的辐射剂量。

Size-specific dose estimation for chest CT examination in pediatric and adult patients

Objective To compare the differences in radiation doses from CT scanning between children of different age groups and adult patients by using both traditional radiation dose assessment parameters and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE).Methods A total of 406 patients undergoing lung CT examination were studied. They were sampled retrospectively and continuously from the Union Hospital and divided into six groups by age distritution (0-2, 3-6, 7-10, 11-14, 15-18, >18 years old). The CTDI_vol and DLP values were randomly sampled using MATLAB platform-based dicom data software. The SSDE and water equivalent diameter were also calculated according to the AAPM 220 Report. The differences in radiation doses from lung CT scaning between children and adult patients were analysed.Results The CTDI_vol values for all age groups were significantly lower than the SSDE values. The differences were statistically significant (t=-36.36, -32.83, -30.36, -28.74, -23.89, P<0.05). The SSDE values were 137%, 94%, 79%, 57% and 42% higher than the CTDI_vol values, respectively. The CTDI_vol values for the adult group were also lower than the SSDE values, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-21.92, P<0.05), and the SSDE value was about 41% higher than the CTDI_vol value. With the increased age, CTDI_vol value, DLP value, D\-w value and SSDE value for children of all age groups gradually increased and were significantly smaller than those for the adult group. The difference was statistically significant (F=63.39, 203.28, 89.27, 103.44, P<0.05). The conversion coefficient f for all age groups decreased significantly with age, which was significantly higher than that for the adult group, and the difference was statistically significant (F=109.83, P<0.05).Conclusions In lung CT scanning, the CTDI_vol value significantly underestimated the radiation doses to children as compared to adults. CTDI_vol values are more easily underestimated for younger patients. The SSDE method allows for more accurate reflection of the radiation doses to different patients, taking into account differences in the examined patient size.