某妇产医院新生儿重症医学科用药特征分析

摘要]目的：探讨新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的用药特点、用药问题及影响新生儿药物暴露的因素，从而促进NICU的合理用药和药学监护。方法：随机抽取400例NICU患儿，分析患儿围产期临床特征、人口学特征和药物治疗情况。对患儿用药数量与围产期临床和人口学特征进行单因素分析及相关分析。结果：400例患儿胎龄38.50（4.00）周，用药数量5.00（3.00）种。患儿使用的药物数量与胎龄、出生体质量、Apgar评分呈负相关，与住院时间和机械通气时间呈正相关。常用药物主要为维生素类、营养类药物、酶制剂、调节水、电解质和酸碱平衡的药物、抗感染药物、消化系统药物、血液及造血系统药物、中枢神经系统药物、泌尿和生殖系统药物和中药清热剂。使用的79种药品中65种包含儿童用药信息，27种包含新生儿用药信息，12种仅有成人用药信息。结论：NICU中胎龄低、出生体质量低、住院时间长、机械通气时间长、Apgar评分低、并发症多的患儿，用药数量多，应重点进行药学监护；新生儿常用药品说明书信息短缺，可通过减少辅助用药的使用促进新生儿合理用药。

Characteristics of Drug Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital

Abstract] Objective: To probe into the characteristics and problems of drug use in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the influencing factors of neonatal drug exposure, so as to promote the rational drug use and pharmaceutical care in NICU. Methods: A total of 400 neonates in NICU were randomly selected. Perinatal clinical characteristics, demographic characteristics and drug treatment were collected. Univariate analysis and correlation analysis were carried out for the number of drugs used in children and the clinical and demographic characteristics of the perinatal period. Results: The gestational age of 400 children was 38.50 (4.00) weeks, and the number of drugs was 5.00 (3.00). The number of drugs used for children was negatively correlated with gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, and positively correlated with length of stay and mechanical ventilation time. The most commonly used drugs were vitamins, nutrients, enzymes, drugs that regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, anti-infectives, digestive system drugs, blood and hematopoietic system drugs, central nervous system drugs, urinary and reproductive system drugs and traditional chinses Chinese medicines for heat-clearing. Of the 79 drugs, 65 contained information on medications for children, 27 contained information on medications for newborns, and 12 contained information on medications for adults only. Conclusion: Children with low gestational age, low birth weight, long length of stay, long mechanical ventilation time, low Apgar score, and more complications in NICU are suppose to be treated with more drugs, and pharmaceutical care should be emphasized. There is a shortage of information in the instructions for commonly used drugs for neonates, which can promote rational drug use by reducing the use of adjuvant drugs.