海胆多糖的化学与药理研究进展

海胆是1种低等的海洋无脊椎动物，属于棘皮动物门（Echinodermata）海胆纲(Echinoidea)，具有较高的营养价值和潜在的药用价值。本文重点综述了来源于海胆的岩藻聚糖、半乳聚糖、杂多糖、糖胺聚糖和中性葡聚糖的单糖组成、糖苷键类型、硫酸根位置与数量、重复单元等一系列结构特征，及其抗凝与抗血栓、免疫调节与抗肿瘤作用等生物活性，并对海胆多糖的化学与生物活性进行了讨论与展望。

Research progress of chemical and pharmacological studies on sea urchin polysaccharides

Sea urchin, a kind of marine invertebrate, belongs to Echinoidea, Echinodermata, has a high nutritional and potential medicinal value. This paper mainly reviewed the structural characterization including monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond, sulfation pattern and repetitive unit of sulfate fucans, sulfate galactans, heteropolysaccharides and neutral glucan from sea urchins, the biological activities including anticoagulant and antithrombotic, immunomodulation and antitumor activities. Finally, the chemistry and bioactivity prospects of polysaccharides of sea urchin were also discussed.