抗流感病毒药物研究进展

流感病毒是人类健康的一大威胁。应对流感病毒的主要方式是疫苗和药物治疗。对可能大规模爆发的流感疫情来讲, 药物治疗是最好的控制流感病毒传播的手段。目前, 抗流感病毒药物包括已在俄罗斯上市的盐酸阿比朵尔和美国FDA批准的4个抗流感病毒药物, 后者根据作用机制的不同分为M2离子通道蛋白抑制剂和神经氨酸酶 (NA) 抑制剂。其中, NA抑制剂根据结构又可分为唾液酸类似物、苯甲酸衍生物、环己烯衍生物、环戊烷衍生物、吡咯烷衍生物及天然提取物6大类。本文简要介绍了上述各类已上市和临床在研药物的最新研究进展。

Research progress of anti-influenza virus agents

Influenza is a major threat to millions of people worldwide.  Vaccines and antiviral agents are two main options available to reduce the impact of the influenza virus, while anti-influenza agents are the most effective means to prevent the transmission of the highly contagious virus and to treat the epidemics of disease.  At present, four anti-influenza agents have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of influenza, including two M2 protein ion channel inhibitors-amantadine and rimantadine and two neuraminidase inhibitors-zanamivir and oseltamivir.  Arbidol hydrochloride, launched in Russia, is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus, too.  Neuraminidase inhibitors could be classified generally by structure into six different kinds: sialic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, cyclohexene derivatives, cyclopentane derivatives, pyrrolidine derivatives and natural products.  In this paper, recent progress in the research of the action mechanisms and structure-activity      relationships of these anti-influenza virus agents were reviewed.