液滴萃取表面分析-质谱法用于新鲜与蒸制三七根切片中皂苷成分的快速鉴别

三七为五加科植物三七(Panax notoginseng)的干燥根及根茎,为我国传统珍贵中药材,具有止血散瘀、消肿止痛等功效。相比于新鲜三七,蒸制三七对治疗肿瘤和心血管疾病等表现出更好的疗效。皂苷是三七主要的化学和药效成分,本研究基于表面萃取结合芯片多通道纳喷质谱技术,建立了液滴萃取表面分析-质谱方法 (LESAMS),能够直接、快速地对新鲜与蒸制三七根切片中木质部、韧皮部和形成层中皂苷成分进行鉴别。实验结果表明,新鲜与蒸制三七根中皂苷成分及其含量具有一定的差异,表现为在新鲜三七根切片中,人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re、Rd,三七皂苷R1及其丙二酰类成分较高。而在蒸制三七根切片中,人参皂苷Rg5、Rk1等弱极性成分能被检测到,大极性成分则相对含量较低。本方法具有快速、稳健且灵敏度高的优势,且操作过程无需破碎、萃取、色谱分离等繁琐的步骤,实现了对鲜三七与蒸三七根切片所含化学成分及二者差异的无损分析。

Rapid characterization of saponins in fresh and steamed notoginseng root slices by liquid extraction,surface analysis-mass spectrometry

Notoginseng(Sanqi), the root of Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen(Araliaceae), is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines(TCM). It has been widely used in China with a long history for treatment of haemorrhage, edema, and cardiovascular disorders. Steamed P. notoginseng has been considered to have stronger therapeutic functions than raw P. notoginseng in the treatment of tumors, cardiovascular diseases,etc. Saponins are the principal chemical and pharmacological constituents in P. notoginseng. Thus, it is of great importance to determine the constituent saponins and determine any differences between fresh P. notoginseng and steamed P. notoginseng. We used a rapid and direct analytical method based on liquid extraction surface analysis combined with mass spectrometry(LESA-MS) to identify saponins in the xylem, phloem and cambium of fresh and steamed P. notoginseng root slices. The results revealed that ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Re, Rd, notoginsenoside R1 and their malonyl group versions were most abundant in fresh root slices, while in steamed slices ginsenosides Rg5, Rk1 and other minor polar components could be detected, and the relative content of large polar components was lower. The described method is fast, robust and sensitive and the process does not need traditional and cumbersome pretreatment such as crushing, extraction and separation. It is the first non-destructive study on the differences in saponins between fresh and steamed P. notoginseng root slices.