基于流感病毒保守抗原的广谱流感疫苗研究进展

流感是由流感病毒感染引起的严重急性呼吸道传染病，接种流感疫苗是预防流感最经济、安全且有效的措施。目前广泛应用的传统流感疫苗的保护效果受到疫苗株与流行株表面抗原匹配程度的明显影响，难以有效应对因流感病毒发生抗原漂移或抗原转换而产生的无法预料的流行或大流行。因而开发能够诱导广谱和持久免疫的广谱流感疫苗是新型流感疫苗研发的重要方向。流感病毒基质、核蛋白和血凝素茎部结构域作为流感病毒的保守抗原，是当前广谱流感疫苗的主要靶抗原。此文就近年来基于流感病毒保守抗原的广谱流感疫苗的抗原选择、免疫保护制剂、临床研究进展做一综述。

Progress in research of broad-spectrum influenza vaccines based on conserved antigens of influenza virus

Influenza is a serious acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus infection, and vaccination is the most economical, safe and effective measure against influenza. However, traditional influenza vaccines cannot respond effectively to an unforeseen epidemic or pandemic caused by a virus with antigenic drifts or antigenic shifts. Therefore, developing a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine that induces broad-spectrum and long-term immunity has become a major trend in influenza vaccine research and development. The matrix protein, nucleoprotein and the stalk domain of hemagglutinin of influenza viruses contain highly conserved antigens, and they become the major target antigens of current broad-spectrum influenza vaccine studies. This article reviews the antigen selection, the immunoprotection mechanism and the progress in the clinical research of the broad-spectrum vaccines based on conserved antigens of influenza virus.