恶性肿瘤患者1497例医院感染因素分析

目的分析恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的主要因素,为有效防治提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查分析法,以桂林医学院第二附属医院2016年1月-2017年12月发生医院感染的恶性肿瘤患者1 497例为研究对象,对其恶性肿瘤类型、感染部位、分离的病原菌及药敏情况、年龄、住院时间、住院次数、肿瘤分期、有无侵入性操作等进行统计,分析医院感染的主要因素。结果 1 497例恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染102例,感染率为6.81%。分离出病原菌45株,其中革兰阴性菌33株(73.33%),革兰阳性菌5株(11.11%),真菌7株(15.56%)。年龄、住院次数、住院时间、肿瘤分期和有无侵入性操作是恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论恶性肿瘤患者医院感染发生率高,其中肺癌患者医院感染率居首位,感染部位以下呼吸道感染最多,以革兰阴性菌为主;年龄大、住院次数多、住院时间长、肿瘤分期晚及进行侵入性操作是恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的主要因素,因此,医、护、药师等应采用适当措施降低恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的发生率。

Analysis of nosocomial infection factors in 1 497 patients with malignant tumors

Objective To analyze the risk factors related to nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumor to deal with the infections in order to guide the effective prevention and treatment of infection. Methods Retrospective investigation was used to analyze the main factors of nosocomial infection in 1 497 patients with malignant tumor in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017. The type of malignant tumor, the site of infection, isolated pathogen and drug susceptibility, age, hospitalization time, number of hospitalizations, tumor stage, and invasive procedures were counted, analyzed the main factors of nosocomial infection.Results There were 102 cases of nosocomial infection in 1 497 patients with malignant tumors, and the rate of infection was 6.81%. 45 strains of pathogens were isolated from the patients. Of those strains, 33 were strains of Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 73.33%;5 were strains of Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 11.11%;and 7 were strains of fungi, accounting for 15.56%. Age, hospitalization time, number of hospitalizations, tumor stage, and invasive procedures were risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumors.Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumors is high. The incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with lung cancer was first, and the number of respiratory infections in the infected area was the highest, mainly Gram-negative bacteria;age, hospitalization time, number of hospitalizations, late tumor stage and invasive procedures were the main factors in nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumors. Therefore, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etc. should adopt appropriate measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumors.