影响蒲黄质量的主要问题及其质量标准的研究探讨

目的：总结近年来蒲黄监督检验工作中发现的影响质量的主要问题，为蒲黄药材真伪鉴别、质量标准完善提供建议。方法：基于掺杂、增重、染色问题，采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、杂质检查、总灰分检查及金胺O染色检查方法，分析检验过程中遇到的问题，探讨现行标准在质量控制中的可行性。结果与结论：试验结果可见掺杂、增重的样品必然伴随有染色问题，现行的质量标准在蒲黄掺杂、增重、染色方面有较为全面有效的检测手段，但在标准执行中常因问题错综复杂，而标准检验项目承接不明确，造成判定结论裁决困难的问题。建议细化蒲黄药材质量标准，增订草蒲黄的质量标准，完善蒲黄质量标准，并建立蒲黄炮制品（包括炒蒲黄和蒲黄炭）的质量标准，以便更全面地控制蒲黄药材质量。

Study on Major Problems Affecting the Quality of Typhae Pollen and Quality Standard

Objective: To summarize the major problems affecting the quality of Typhae Pollen found in the supervision and inspection of resent years and to put forward suggestions for authenticity identification and quality improvement of standards. Methods: Trait identification, microscopic identification, examination of foreign matter, total ash inspection and uramine O staining were used to analyze the problems encountered in the testing process and to explore the feasibility of the current standards in quality control according to the problems of doping, weight gain, and dyeing. Results and Conclusion: Testing results showed that doped, weight-born samples were inevitably accompanied by dyeing problems. Although doping, weight gain, and dyeing could be detected according to the current quality standards, the implementation of the standards and the determination of conclusion sometimes were difficult due to the complicated problems and ambiguous standard. The quality standards of Typhae Pollen should be further refned and the quality standard of Cao Puhuang (Typhae Pollen contain staminate flower) should be established separately. The quality standards of Typhae Pollen should be supplemented and improved and the quality standard of processed product of Typhae Pollen (including Fried Puhuang and Puhuang Carbon) should also be established correspondingly in order to fully control the quality of Chinese herbal medicine of Typhae Pollen.