大苞雪莲抗缺氧有效成分对模拟高原缺氧小鼠物质代谢的影响

目的 研究大苞雪莲（又名新疆雪莲、天山雪莲，Saussurea involucrata）抗缺氧有效成分（石油醚活性部位及其主要单体成分二十八烷）对模拟高原缺氧小鼠水、糖、脂肪、蛋白质等物质代谢的影响。方法 将雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、缺氧模型组、乙酰唑胺阳性药对照组、大苞雪莲石油醚部位组和二十八烷组，单次尾静脉注射给药，给药20 min后，将各组小鼠分别放入低压氧舱中，模拟海拔6 000 m低压低氧环境，维持8 h，检测器官含水量、脏器指数、糖代谢、蛋白质代谢和脂肪代谢等指标变化情况。结果 给小鼠预先尾静脉注射石油醚部位200 mg/kg和二十八烷100 mg/kg，可以通过降低脏器中含水量抑制急性高原缺氧引起的心、脑、肺组织水肿（P<0.05或P<0.01），抑制血糖、肌糖原、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）水平的升高（P<0.05或P<0.01），阻止肝糖原、心肌和脑组织蛋白含量的降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 大苞雪莲石油醚部位和二十八烷能有效调节缺氧小鼠的物质代谢，降低基础代谢水平，保证机体生存所需能量。

Effects of the active constituents from Saussurea involucrata on metabolism of mice at simulated high altitude

Objective To investigate the anti-hypoxia effects of octacosane and the petroleum ether extract from Saussurea Involucrate (PESI) on the water, sugar, lipid and protein metabolism of mice at simulated high altitude. Methods The healthy adult male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxic model group, acetazolamide group, the petroleum ether of Saussurea involucrata group and octacosane group. Drugs were administered i.v 20 mins before the mice were exposed to a simulated high altitude of 6 000 m for 8 hours in an animal decompression chamber. The mice were sacrificed at the end of 8 hours. Organ water content, organ indexes and metabolism indicators of sugar, protein and lipid were determined. Results The edema of heart, brain and lung was reduced notably (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the mice received PESI at 200 mg/kg and octacosane at 100 mg/kg. In the treated groups, the increase of blood sugar, muscle glycogen, TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol) were all significantly inhibited, the decrease of liver glycogen, the protein content of heart and brain was also remarkably blocked (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion PESI and octacosane effectively regulate the metabolism of hypoxic mice and reserve the body''s energy for survival by lowering the basic metabolism.