基于16S rDNA测序研究新西兰兔腹腔镜探查术后腹腔微生物群落多态性改变

目的 利用细菌16S核糖体DNA（16S rDNA）测序技术，研究使用便携式腹腔镜进行腹腔探查术后腹腔中微生物群落多态性的变化情况。方法 将新西兰兔分为模型组及对照组。模型组兔使用便携式腹腔镜进行探查手术，对照组兔不做任何处理。一周后，取模型组和对照组的腹腔积液，进行16S rDNA测序，分析微生物群落多态性，探究腹腔积液的微生物群落变化情况。结果 针对测序结果，采用生物信息学和组间差异分析，发现两组的微生物群落相似度良好。OTU分类学分析及物种组成成分分析（丰度-均匀度曲线和Venn图）发现，模型组相对于对照组，在微生物群落水平上有显著升高。α多样性分析（Sobs、Ace、Shannon、Simpson）显示，模型组在微生物群落丰富度和多样性方面均高于对照组。微生物组成成份分析显示，模型组较对照组杂菌数量占比增加约30%。对两组样本物种差异进行显著性检验，发现巴斯德菌、奈瑟菌、冢村菌的比例有显著升高。结论 新西兰兔在腹腔镜行腹腔探查术后，腹腔积液中微生物群落数量上升，且以 巴斯德菌、奈瑟菌、冢村菌升高最为明显。

Study on polymorphism of peritoneal microbial community after laparoscopic exploration in New Zealand rabbits based on 16S rDNA sequencing

Objective To explore the polymorphism of microbial community after laparoscopic abdominal exploration by using bacterial 16s ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing technology. Methods New Zealand rabbits were divided into model group and control group. The rabbits in the model group were operated by portable laparoscopy, and the rabbits in the control group were not treated. One week later, the peritoneal effusions of the model group and the control group were taken for 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze the microbial community polymorphism. To explore the changes of microbial community in peritoneal effusion in the model group compared with the control group. Results After 16S rDNA sequencing, bioinformatics was used to determine the microbial communities. Inter group difference analysis showed a good similarity of microbial communities between the two groups. OTU taxonomic analysis and species composition analysis (Rank-Abundance curve and Venn diagram) found that the microbial community level of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Alpha diversity analysis (Sobs, Ace, Shannon, Simpson) showed that the richness and diversity of microbial community in the model group were higher than those in the control group. Microbial composition analysis showed that the number of miscellaneous bacteria in the model group increased by about 30% compared with the control group. The species differences between the two groups were tested for significance. It was found that Pasteurellales, Neisseria and Tsukamurella increased significantly. Conclusion The diversity of microbial communities in peritoneal effusion increases after laparoscopic abdominal exploration in New Zealand rabbits, and the most significant increases are Pasteurella, Neisseria and Tsukamura.