细胞钙转运系统研究进展*

钙离子是重要的细胞信号分子。胞内和胞外、胞浆和细胞器之间的Ca2+转运都依赖于钙转运系统的精确调控。钙转运系统包括钙泵、钙通道、Na+/Ca2+交换体及膜结构域，如质膜的PMCA、NCX、VGCC、LGCC和TRP通道；内质网膜的SERCA、IP3Rs和RyRs等；线粒体的MCU和NCLX；内溶酶体的TPCs；联结质膜和内质网膜的CRAC通路；联结内质网膜和线粒体膜的MAM结构域等。本文对定位于质膜、内质网和线粒体的钙转运系统的种类、功能、组织分布、相关疾病以及抑制剂作综述。

Advances in Cellular Calcium Transport System*

Calcium ion is a vital cell signaling molecule, which acts as a double-edged sword to regulate both life and death of cells. The precise control of calcium ion transport includes the uptake and excretion of cytosolic Ca2+ and the transport of Ca2+ among endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion and other organelles. There are many types of calcium ion transport systems and each of them is unique. There are PMCA, NCX, VGCC, LGCC, and TRP channels on plasma membrane; SERCA, IP3Rs, and RyRs on endoplasmic reticulum; MCU and NCLX on mitochondrion; and TPCs on endolysosome. Furthermore, CRAC can connect the cytomembrane to the ER membrane. And Ca2+ released from ER can be ingested into mitochondrion via MAM microdomain. In this article, the types, structures, fuctions, distribution, related diseases and inhibitors of calcium ion transport systems are reviewed.