Versatile applicability of a grid-based CYP3A4 Template to understand the interacting mechanisms with the small-size ligands; part 3 of CYP3A4 Template study

Modes of interactions of small ligands with CYP3A4 have been defined using the Template established in our previous studies (DMPK. 34: 113–125 2019 and 34 351–364 2019). Interactions of polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzoa]pyrene, pyrene and dibenzoa,j]acridine were refined with the idea of Right-side movement of ligands at Rings A and B of Template. Expected formation of metabolites from the placements faithfully matched with experimentally observed sites of their metabolisms and also with preferred orders of regio-isomeric metabolite abundances in recombinant CYP3A4 system. In comparison of CYP3A4-ligand data with the placements on simulations, a futile sitting of non-substituted and free rotatable phenyl structures was suggested as a cause of poor oxidations of the phenyl parts of CYP3A4 ligands. These data were in turn indicative of the role of the rotation-ceasing action for the function. Typical inhibitors, ketoconazole, nicardipine, mibefradil and GF-I-1 shared mutuality on their sittings, in which the inhibitor molecules hold a CYP3A4 residue from dual sides on Template. In addition, clotrimazole would be stuck between facial- and rear-side walls of CYP3A4 and interact with ferric iron through nitrogen atom of the imidazole part. These data offered structural bases of CYP3A4-inhibitory actions of ligands.