肽类抗生素对细胞选择性作用研究进展

抗菌肽是一种广泛存在于生物界的抵抗病原微生物入侵的重要防御分子。抗菌肽具有广谱抗细菌、真菌、肿瘤细胞等活性，具有自身随着物种适应环境而产生的结构多样性以及具有区别于传统抗生素的杀菌机理的独特性，是一类极有潜力的肽类抗生素。不同抗菌肽对不同类型靶细胞表现出活性上的巨大差异，即是抗菌肽作用的选择性，这种作用的选择性受到多种因素的影响。探讨抗菌肽作用细胞的机理，特别是选择性作用的机理将有助于设计出活性更高的新型肽类抗生素。本文主要从细胞表面结构特异性、抗菌肽自身结构特点阐述近年来抗菌肽活性与选择性作用研究的新进展。

Advances in selective action of peptide antibiotics on cells

Antimicrobial peptides are ubiquitous in nature and thought to be an important component in innate immunity defenses against microbial infection. These peptides have tremendous sequence diversity resulted from different species adapting to different environment. They have a broad spectrum of activities on bacteria, fungi or tumour cells. They also have particular action mechanism to the target microbes, which is different from conventional antibiotics. A common feature of these cationic antimicrobial peptides is that they all have an amphipathic structure and net positive charge. Despite many similar features between antimicrobial peptides, their spectrum of activity differs significantly. The selective activity against different cells depends on many parameters, including both the peptide and the target cells. To elucidate the mechanism of action, especially selective action of the cationic antimicrobial peptides, will provide helpful information for the designing of higher activity of peptide antibiotics against bacteria, fungi or tumor cells, without cytotoxicity against host normal mammalian cells and erythrocytes.