Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in rat amniotic fluid after gestational exposure to cadmium |
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Authors: | Tania Jacobo‐Estrada Mariana Cardenas‐Gonzalez Mitzi Santoyo‐Sánchez Benjamín Parada‐Cruz Esther Uria‐Galicia Laura Arreola‐Mendoza Olivier Barbier |
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Institution: | 1. Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México;2. Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México;3. Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México |
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Abstract: | Cadmium is a well‐characterized nephrotoxic agent that is also capable of accumulating and diffusing across the placenta; however, only a few studies have addressed its effects over fetal kidneys and none of them has used a panel of sensitive and specific biomarkers for the detection of kidney injury. The goal of this study was to determine cadmium renal effects in rat fetuses by the quantification of early kidney injury biomarkers. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed by inhalation to an isotonic saline solution or to CdCl2 solution (DDel=1.48 mg Cd kg?1 day?1) during gestational days (GD) 8–20. On GD 21, dams were euthanized and samples obtained. Kidney injury biomarkers were quantified in amniotic fluid samples and fetal kidneys were microscopically evaluated to search for histological alterations. Our results showed that cadmium exposure significantly raised albumin, osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 levels in amniotic fluid, whereas it decreased creatinine. Clusterin, calbindin and IFN‐inducible protein 10 did not show any change. Accordingly, histological findings showed tubular damage and precipitations in the renal pelvis. In conclusion, gestational exposure to cadmium induces structural alterations in fetal renal tissue that can be detected by some kidney injury biomarkers in amniotic fluid samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Keywords: | fetal nephrotoxicity metals in utero exposure osteopontin VEGF TIMP‐1 |
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