甲硝唑致不良反应文献分析

目的:探讨甲硝唑致不良反应(ADR)的发生规律,为合理用药提供参考。方法:检索1998-2010年万方数据中有关甲硝唑致ADR的文献资料,筛选并收集ADR的案例报告,按年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、ADR发生时间、表现进行统计、分析。结果:共检索到212例病例。甲硝唑的ADR,在31～40岁的人群中发生较多(26.89%);静脉滴注(62.26%)是主要用药方式;多表现为变态反应、神经系统反应、肝肾系统反应,所占比例分别为46.23%、26.42%、8.49%;药疹(12.26%)和过敏性休克(11.32%)是主要表现形式;发生时间须尤其注意用药首日(58.49%);1例(0.47%)报道死亡。结论:临床应重视甲硝唑致ADR,警惕其严重ADR(如过敏性休克、精神异常)的发生,确保用药安全。

Literature Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions of Metronidazole

OBJECTIVE： To explore the regularity of adverse drug reactions （ADR） of metronidazole, and to provide reference for rational use of drugs. METHODS： Literatures on ADR of metronidazole were collected from Wanfang database during 1998-2010. Included literatures were analyzed statistically in respect of age, gender, route of administration, primary disease, onset time of ADR, manifestation. RESULTS： 212 cases were collected. ADR of metronidazole mostly occurred in 31～40 age group （26.89%）. Intravenous drip was main route of administration （62.26%）. The clinical symptoms occurred mainly in the circulatory system（46.23%）, nervous system（26.42%）, hepatorenal system（8.49%）. The drug eruption（12.26%） and immediate anaphylactic shock（11.32%） were main factors. The onset of ADR was usually within 24 hours after administration（58.49%）. 1 cases（0.47%） died. CONCLUSION： We should pay more attention to the ADR of azithromycin, especially severe ADR （such as anaphylactic shock and mental disorders） to guarantee the safety of drug use.