四川省凉山地区静脉吸毒人群药物滥用及其行为特征调查

目的:了解四川省凉山地区静脉吸毒人群药物滥用及行为特征情况,为采取有针对性的戒毒干预措施预防艾滋病病毒的传播提供数据.方法:以社区为基础招募了379名静脉吸毒人员,调查其人口学特征,艾滋病病毒感染情况,药物滥用的种类、吸毒方式和频率,口吸和静脉吸毒时间,共用注射器具情况等.结果:静脉吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染率为11.3%(43/379).379名被调查者全部为海洛因滥用者,其中247人(65.2%)单独使用过海洛因,297人(78.4%)混合注射过海洛因与安定,滥用过的其他药物有安定(8.2%)和鸦片(1.3%).300人(79.2%)每天静脉注射吸毒一次及以上;曾经共用注射器具静脉吸毒的为247人(65.2%),87人(35.2%)首次静脉注射吸毒即与他人共用注射器具;初次口吸吸毒和静脉注射吸毒的平均年龄分别为22.37岁和25.35岁,口吸吸毒和静脉注射吸毒的平均时间分别为6.41年和3.42年.结论:加强青少年、吸毒人员关于毒品危害和拒绝毒品的健康教育活动,以及开展美沙酮或丁丙诺啡口服治疗海洛因依赖者,降低静脉注射吸毒行为,控制艾滋病病毒的传播.

A Survey of Drug Abuse and Behaviors among Injection Drug Users in Liangshan of Sichuan Province

Objective:To study characteristics of drug abuse and behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Liangshan of Sichuan province in order to design proper detoxification intervention for prevention HIV transmission. Methods:A community-based survey was conducted to investigate the demographic characteristics, HIV prevalence, variety and patterns of drug use, drug use behaviors among 379 IDUs. Results:The HIV prevalence was 11.3%(43/379) among IDUs. They were all heroin abusers including 65.2% (247/379) participants who even used heroin alone and 78.4% (297/379) who took heroin injection mixed with ataractic. Besides heroin, ataractic (8.2%) and opium (1.3%) were also abused. 79.2% (300/379) of drug users reported that they were injected more than once a day in the last three months. 65.2% (247/379) of IDUs reported sharing of injection equipment at least once and 35.2% (87/247) of drug users shared injection equipment upon first experience with injecting heroin. The average period of snorting and injecting was 6.41 and 3.42 years respectively. The average age of the onset of snorting and injecting drug was 22.37 and 22.35 years old respectively. Conclusion:In order to prevent HIV transmission and decrease high risk behaviors of drug injection among IDUs in Lianshan, Sichuan province, health and harm reduction education should be enhanced for youngsters and drug users by methadone or buprenorphine treatment.