Catalpol improves cholinergic function and reduces inflammatory cytokines in the senescent mice induced by d-galactose |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Centre of Basic Sleep, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China;2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China;3. School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China;4. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;1. Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States;2. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States;1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China;2. Department of Otology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China;1. Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, China;2. Department of Life Sciences, Huaihua University, Hunan, China;3. Vegetable Research Institute, Agricultural Sciences Academy of Hunan Provincial, Hunan, China;1. Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China;2. Department of General Practice, The Third People''s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610036, China;3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam13488, Korea |
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| Abstract: | The neuroprotective effects of catalpol, an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fresh rehmannia roots, on the cholinergic system and inflammatory cytokines in the senescent mice brain induced by d-galactose were assessed. The results showed that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in senescent mice brain and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive neurons, detected by immunohistochemical staining, decreased remarkably in the basal forebrain of senescent mice. Simultaneously, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (mAChR1) expression declined in senescent mice brain by western blotting method. We also found that the contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) increased in senescent mice brain by ELISA method. However, administration of catalpol for 2-weeks significantly reversed the biochemical markers mentioned above. These results suggest that catalpol can exert protective effects on senescent mice brain induced by d-galactose and this effect may be due to its protective effects on cholinergic and immune impairment in mice brain. Thus catalpol is worth testing for further preclinical study aimed for senescence or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. |
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| Keywords: | Catalpol Aging Cholinergic system Inflammatory cytokines |
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