基于因子分析的高血压病证候要素研究

目的]研究不同危险程度的高血压病患者中医症状、舌脉象及证候要素分布。方法]收集129例单纯高血压病与296例高血压病合并血脂异常和(或)糖尿病患者的四诊信息,保留出现率≥5%的四诊信息,采用因子分析提取公因子,由2名神经内科主任医师对公因子辨证,作为高血压病的证候要素。结果]经因子分析发现22个公因子,分别是火、痰、瘀、风、气、血、阴、阳虚,单纯高血压病以气虚(16.28%)、火(15.50%)、瘀血(15.50%)为主要证候要素,高血压病合并糖尿病和(或)血脂异常以火(18.92%)、痰(17.23%)、瘀血(14.19%)为主。结论]高血压病证素不外乎虚实两端,高血压病由相对低危到中高危,始终以火与瘀血为主。

Study on syndrome elements in hypertensive disease based on factor analysis

Objective] To explore the distribution of common symptoms,signs,tongue,pulse and syndrome elements of the patients with different risk degree of hypertension.Methods] According to the symptoms of "Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine" combined with the hypertension syndromes in "Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Drug guiding principles",we formulated a unified questionnaire of hypertension symptoms,collected the four diagnostic information of 129 cases with simple hypertension and 296 cases with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia and(or) diabetes,then selected and retained the four diagnostic information of more than 5% occurrence,ab-stracted common factors with two neurological chief physicians differentiated as syndrome elements of hypertension using factor analysis.Results] Factor analysis found 22 common factors: fire,sputum,blood stasis,wind,deficiency in qi,blood,yin or yang and location in the liver,kidney,heart,spleen,and Qingqiao;qi deficiency(16.28 %),fire(15.50 %),blood stasis(15.50 %) were characterized as the main elements of syndromes in simple hypertension,fire(18.92 %),sputum(17.23%),bleeding(14.19%) in hypertension combined with dyslipidemia and(or) diabetes.Conclusion] Syndrome elements of disease nature of hypertension were involved with deficiency and ex-cess.From relatively low-risk to medium and high risk,although the distribution of the various syndrome elements were different,hyper-tension was always dominated by fire and blood stasis,so clearing fire and circulating blood may be one of the treatment methods of hy-pertension.