透明质酸修饰纳米胶束用于靶向肿瘤治疗及药物释放行为的研究进展

透明质酸(HA)是一种具有良好生物相容性、生物可降解性的天然线性多糖，通过细胞表面分化簇44(CD44)受体靶向肿瘤。其作为抗肿瘤药物传递载体广泛应用于肿瘤治疗领域，已成为肿瘤靶向给药系统研究的热点。CD44是透明质酸高亲和性的受体，因其在肿瘤细胞过表达，可以作为肿瘤标志物或靶向受体。许多肿瘤都表现出CD44受体的过度表达，如乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、肝癌和胰腺癌等。CD44配体通过与纳米药物载体结合，可以提高纳米载体对肿瘤细胞的亲和力。HA结构中因含有CD44配体具备有效的肿瘤靶向效应而闻名，通过HA-CD44受体介导的内吞作用途径可以增强肿瘤细胞的摄取。本文对HA纳米胶束在临床肿瘤治疗中的进展以及其药物释放行为进行了综述，并表明HA的纳米胶束在肿瘤治疗中的巨大潜力。体内外研究表明，基于HA的纳米胶束是药物和基因特异性靶向肿瘤的传递方式，在临床肿瘤治疗中具有良好的应用前景。

Advances in research of hyaluronic acid modified nanomicelles for targeting tumor therapy and drug release behavior

Hyaluronic acid, also called hyaluronan(HA)is a biocompatible and biodegradable linear polysaccharide which is of interest for tumor targeting through cell surface CD44 receptors. It is widely applied in the field of tumor therapy as an anticancer drug delivery carrier, and has become a hot spot in the research of tumor targeted drug delivery system. In tumor drug therapy, the key to reduce toxicity is to actively target tumors by using anatomical, pathophysiological and microenvironmental differences between malignant tumors and normal tissues. Differentiation cluster 44(CD44)is a high-affinity receptor for HA, which can be marked as a tumor marker or a targeting receptor because it is overexpressed in tumor cells. The overexpression of CD44 receptors was observed in many tumors such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. The effect of hyaluronic acid drug nanocarriers on various tumors is briefly described, indicating that the overexpression of CD44 receptor is an ideal choice for the treatment of hyaluronic acid-based drug carriers. The CD44 ligand can increase the affinity of the nanocarrier for tumor cells by binding to the nano drug carrier. The HA structure is known for its potent tumor targeting effect due to the inclusion of CD44 ligand, which enhances uptake of tumor cells by the HA-CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. The study reviewed the progression of hyaluronic acid nanomicelles in clinical tumor therapy and its release behavior. The percentage of drug release and release rate are the key factors in the overall efficacy of the treatment strategy. Therefore, a great number of studies have focused on inducing drug release in Cytosol by taking advantage of the difference between the internal and external environments of nanostructured micelles or through external stimulation post-treatment applications. The study proved that an acid environment is more favorable to achieve a greater release and drugs can be quickly and completely released in an oxygen-deficient environment. In addition, the great potential of hyaluronic acid nanomicelles in tumor therapy was also further identified in this article. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have repeatedly shown that hyaluronic acid-based nanomicelles are a drug- and gene-specific targeting tumor delivery method, in combination with passive targeting, this active targeting strategy is a promising approach to providing chemotherapy drugs to CD44 overexpressing tumors. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid-based nanomicelles are biologically safe with great potential to drug release, blood compatibility and systemic tumor targeting which all implied it has good application prospects in clinical tumor treatment.