Caspase家族与固有免疫关系研究进展

Caspases是一组存在于胞质溶胶中的结构上相关的半胱氨酸蛋白酶，它们的一个重要共同点是活性位点都含有半胱氨酸，并可特异性地断开天冬氨酸残基后的肽键。根据其功能特点，该家族主要分为炎性Caspases和凋亡Caspases。炎性Caspases包括Caspase-1、Caspase-4/5/11和Caspase-12，在固有免疫防御过程中发挥重要作用。凋亡相关的Caspase-2/3/6/7/8/9/10主要调控免疫沉默的细胞凋亡过程，但近年来研究发现，Caspase-8也可通过多种途径介导细胞和机体的免疫反应。越来越多研究表明，Caspases在多种免疫相关疾病的发生发展进程中充当重要角色，因此本文主要对Caspases家族中与固有免疫相关的Caspase-1/4/5/11/8/12的活性调控及免疫介导机制进行综述，以期阐释Caspases与固有免疫的关系，同时为多种疾病的治疗提供一定的科学依据和理论参考。

Advances in the study of relationship between Caspases and innate immunity

Caspases are a group of structurally related cysteine proteases present in cytosol. One of their important common points is that the active sites contain cysteine and can specifically break the peptide bonds after the aspartic acid residues. Caspases are broadly divided into two groups based on their functions, including inflammatory Caspases and apoptotic Caspases. Inflammatory Caspases include Caspase-1, Caspase-4, Caspase-5, Caspase-11 and Caspase-12, which play important roles in the process of innate immune defense. Unlike inflammatory Caspases, apoptotic Caspases(2/3/6/7/8/910)initiate and execute an immunologically silent form of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. However, ongoing investigations have uncovered essential functions of Caspase-8 in the regulation of immunity in cells and organisms. Accumulated studies have shown that Caspases play important roles in the occurrence and development of various immunity-related diseases. In order to comprehensively elucidate the relationship between Caspases and innate immunity, and to provide some scientific basis and theoretical reference for the treatment of various diseases, this article reviews the regulation of activity and inflammation mechanism of innate immunity-related Caspase-1/4/5/11/8/12.