1330例婴幼儿皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的探讨引起婴幼儿食物过敏的主要过敏原，为婴幼儿食物过敏性疾病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法对2011年12月至2013年6月到我院儿童保健科体检的1330例婴幼儿实施7种食物性过敏原皮肤点刺试验，同时应用生理盐水和组胺液进行阴性和阳性对照。结果1330例过敏原皮肤点刺试验中，食物过敏原试验总阳性率为42．41％。引起婴幼儿食物过敏的主要过敏原为牛奶（20．45％）、蛋白（18．57％）、蛋黄（13．76％）。结论牛奶、蛋白、蛋黄是引起婴幼儿食物过敏的主要过敏原，早期发现并阻断食物过敏原，可预防和减少婴幼儿由食物引起的过敏性疾病的发生。

Result analysis of 1 330 cases of skin prick tests in infants.

Objective To study the major food allergens and provide the important evidence for the prevention and treatment of the food allergenic diseases in infants. Methods A total of 1 330 children in the Department of Child Health Care, Zigong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2011 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. The skin prick tests were undertaken by using seven food prick reagents. Histamine hydrogen chloride was used as the positive control, and physiologic saline as the negative one. Results The skin prick tests were performed in the 1 330 cases. The positive rate was 42.41%. The major allergens that cause infant food hypersensitivity were milk （20.45%）, protein （18.57%） and yolk （13.76%）. Conclusion The three food allergens, milk, protein and yolk, are the common food allergens. It may prevent and reduce the occurrence of food allergenic diseases by early detection and interruption of the food allergens.