青少年罪犯焦虑、抑郁情绪及其与应对方式的相关性研究

目的调查重庆市青少年罪犯焦虑、抑郁状况与应对方式的关系,为制定符合青少年罪犯心理的综合干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用一般情况问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对重庆市未成年犯管教所909名青少年罪犯进行横断面问卷调查研究。结果青少年罪犯焦虑、抑郁症状检出率分别为40.4%、51.2%,明显高于常模(P<0.01),共患焦虑、抑郁占31.3%。家庭经济状况好、学历高是抑郁发生的保护因素,童年期受虐是抑郁发生的危险因素;家庭经济状况好是焦虑发生的保护因素,而童年期受虐、非独生子女是焦虑发生的危险因素。其积极应对方式与焦虑、抑郁水平之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.172,r=-0.208,P<0.01),而消极应对方式与焦虑、抑郁水平之间呈显著正相关(r=0.419,r=0.390,P<0.01)。结论青少年罪犯存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,与其消极应对方式密切相关。帮助他们采用积极的应对方式可以有助于降低焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生。

Correlation between anxiety and depression of juvenile criminals and their coping styles

Objective To provide the scientific evidence for formulating the general intervention measures for juvenile criminals by investigating the correlation between anxiety and depression of them and their coping styles.Methods Anxiety and depression of 909 juvenile criminals in Chongqing Juvenile Criminals Rehabilitation Centre were investigated with general state questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),and trait coping style questionnaire(TCSQ).Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression in juvenile criminals was 40.4% and 51.2%,respectively.The juvenile criminals with both anxiety and depression accounted for 31.3%.Good family economic condition and high education level were the protective factors for depression,while maltreatment in childhood was the risk factor for depression.Good family economic condition was the protective factor for anxiety,while maltreatment in childhood and more than one child in a family were the risk factors for anxiety.The positive coping style was negatively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depression(r=-0.172,r=-0.208,P<0.01),while the negative coping style was positively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depression(r=0.419,r=0.390,P<0.01).Conclusion The depression and anxiety of juvenile criminals are significantly correlated with their coping style.Positive coping style can reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety.