大学生心理弹性及其影响因素分析

目的研究大学生心理弹性及其影响因素。方法采用成人心理弹性量表(resilience scale for adults,RSA)、青少年生活事件量表、症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Ques-tionnaire,EPQ)以及社会支持量表对某大学2085名学生进行整群抽样调查。结果大学生的心理弹性水平较高(M=2.76,SD=0.41);男女生在自我认知(t=2.466,P=0.014)和未来计划(t=3.977,P=0.000)两个因子上存在显著性差异;贫困和非贫困的学生在社会支持因子上存在显著性差异(t=-2.073,P=0.038)。②大学生的心理弹性与社会支持、外向性存在显著的正相关(r=0.394,0.459),与神经质、生活事件、SCL-90总分存在显著的负相关(r=-0.270,-0.170,-0.153)。③外向性、社会支持、神经质及生活事件能显著地预测心理弹性,解释率达29.9%。结论大学生心理弹性状况良好,心理弹性与社会支持、人格特点、生活事件密切相关,能较好地预测大学生的心理健康状况。

Resilience in college students and its influencing factors

Objective To explore the characteristics of resilience in college students and its influencing factors. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Life Events Scale, depression, anxiety and somatization of Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Social Support Scale were applied in this survey to 2 085 college students (340 males and 1 727 females, at age of 20.39±1.43) collected by cluster sampling. Results The high resilience has been found in college students (2.76±0.41). The boys were significantly higher in perception of self (t=2.466, P=0.014) and planned future (t=3.977, P=0.000) than girls. There was significantly difference in poverty and not poverty students in social support factor (t=-2.073, P=0.038). Resilience had the obvious positive correlation with the social support(r=0.394), extraversion(r=0.459), and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.270), life events(r=-0.170) and SCL-90(r=-0.153). Extraversion, social support, neuroticism and life events had the good predictive ability (29.9%) to resilience. Conclusion The high resilience has been found in college students, and it is related to social support, personality and life events, and effectively predicts resilience.