爆炸冲击波载荷下的人体胸部有限元模型数值模拟研究

目的探讨爆炸冲击波载荷下的人体胸部周围压力的分布、肺脏的应力分布规律,为冲击波致伤机制、损伤评估的研究提供帮助。方法对正常国人进行CT扫描,在Mimics中完成人体胸部三维表面模型的重建,通过Icem CFD软件进行网格划分,在Ls-Dyna中完成爆炸冲击波的加载与求解。结果构建了冲击波载荷下的人体胸部三维有限元模型。该模型由肌肉、肩胛骨、胸肋骨、心脏和肺脏五部分组成,单元类型为四节点四面体单元,单元总数为129543个,节点总数为32267个。当加载100kPa冲击波压力时,胸腔两侧冲击波峰压大小相近,为55～80kPa;胸腔前表面冲击波压力峰值最高,达到175kPa;胸腔后面是峰压为70kPa绕射冲击波;肺脏中产生应力最大的部位为肺部的边缘部位。结论构建的人体胸部有限元模型能够满足爆炸冲击波加载的要求;人体胸部有限元模型在爆炸冲击波载荷下的数值模拟研究可以模拟冲击波的加载过程和结果。

Finite element numerical simulation of human thorax loaded by blast wave

Objective To explore the blast wave field around thoracic region loaded by blast wave and the stress distribution rules in the lung through finite element(FE) model in order to provide help to blast injury mechanism and injury evaluation.Methods CT scanning(scanning layer 0.625 mm,Format Dicom,512×512×8 bit) was performed on a health male individual(170 cm,65 kg).A 3D surface model of thoracic region was completely reconstructed by Mimics,and grid division was fulfilled by Icem CFD.Implement blast wave load and discrimination was carried out with Ls-Dyna.Results Thoracic region 3D FE model was constructed.This model included muscles,scapula,costa sternales bones,heart and lung.Element types were 4 node point tetrahedron,number of element was 129 543,and node point was 32 267.When the shock wave was loaded with a pressure of 100 kPa,the pressure on both side of thoracic region were same,about 55 to 80 kPa,anterior surface pressure was the highest with 175 kPa,posterior surface diffraction pressure was 70 kPa,and the highest stress part in lung was marginal part.Conclusion A thoracic region 3D FE model is constructed successfully which satisfies require of blast wave loading,and can be used for numerical simulation of blast wave load process and result in thoracic region.