360度评价法在实习医师职业道德和沟通能力评价中应用的研究

目的：采用360度评价量表评估实习医师的培训效果，为制定针对性的培养策略提供依据。方法以某临床医学院129名实习医师为研究对象，采用美国华盛顿大学医学教育中心编制的职业道德和交流沟通能力的360度评价量表对研究对象分别从带教教师、同行实习医师、护士、患者、管理人员及实习医师本人6个角度依次按职业道德、人际关系和交流沟通能力进行评分。以Cronbach＇sα系数评价量表信度，用单因素方差分析比较不同评价者之间的评分，以t检验和Mann-Whitney非参数检验比较男女间、五年制和八年制班级间得分，P〈0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果6个亚量表及总量表的Cronbach＆#39;α系数分别为0.878、0.948、0.914、0.908、0.934、0.964及0.964，提示量表具有良好的信度。不同评价者对实习医师的总体评价评分组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01），按权重系数调整后，职业道德和交流沟通能力总体评价得分分别为（92.52±8.09）和（93.32±8.67）；且不同性别、学制实习医师间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论360度评价量表具有较好的可靠性，值得进一步推广研究；实习医师的职业道德和交流沟通能力总体较好。

Application of 360-degree evaluation in evaluating professional ethics and communication skills of intern doctors

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intern doctor training by 360 degree evaluation scale and to provide references for formulating targeted training plan. Methods A 360-degree evaluation scale with 6 subscales（Attendings, Peers, Nurse, Patients, Directors and Students） was employed to measure the status quo of medical education , represented by professional ethics and communication skills, among 129 intern doctors in medical clinical college. Cronbach＇;s alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale,one-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of score among different scorers,and t test and Mann-Whitney test were employed to compare scores be-tween male group and female group, 5-year class and 8-year class （The significance level was set at P〈0.05）. Results Cronbach＇; α coefficients were 0.878, 0.948, 0.914, 0.908, and 0.934 for six sub-scales and 0.964 for the general scale. There were significant differences in evaluation scale scores a-mong differ-ent evaluators（P〈0.01）. After being adjusted by weight index, the average scores of pro-fessional ethics and communication ability ＆amp; interpersonal relationship were （ 92 . 52 ± 8 . 09 ） and （93.32±8.67） respectively. No differences was observed between male and female, 5-year class and 8-year class（P〉0.05）. Conclusions 360 degree evaluation scale has reasonable reliability and it can provide valuable references for future similar survey in China. Meanwhile, intern doctors exhibit rela-tively good performances in professional ethics and communication ability ＆ interpersonal relationship in the present study.