32 046例住院患者医院感染的调查与分析

目的调查住院患者医院感染发病情况，分析其发病特点。有效预防和控制医院感染。方法对2005年1月至12月32046例患者医院感染发生的时间、年龄、部位、科室、菌种等资料进行回顾性调查。结果32046例住院患者发生医院感染1128例，医院感染发生率为3．52％。主要感染科室：普通外科5．48％、烧伤科5．32％、心血管内科5．28％；主要感染部位：下呼吸道35．40％、上呼吸道18．68％、泌尿道12．05％；临床分离的致病菌中革兰氏阴性菌占61．8％、革兰氏阳性菌占22．9％、真菌占15．3％。其中大肠埃希氏菌占13．57％、铜绿假单胞菌占12．06％、金黄色葡萄球菌占9．55％。结论医院感染的主要科室是普通外科、烧伤外科、心内科，主要部位是呼吸道和泌尿道，病原菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主，大肠埃希氏菌占首位。

Retrospective Analysis of Nosocomial Infection

Objective To investigate the extent of nosocomial infection and the infection characteristics so as to explore effective preventive measures. Methods Retrospective analysis of nosocomial infection among 32 046 inpatients was carried out between January and December 2005 in. The following aspects were studied: the date of infection, age of the patients, the infected areas, the department involved and the data of microbiological analysis. Results 1 128 cases(3.52%)of nosocomial infection were found among the 32 046 studied subjects. The source of infection was: surgery (5.48%), empyrosis(5.32%) and cardioangiology (5.28%). The target organs of infection was lower respiratory tract (35.40%), upper respiratory tract (18.68%) and urinary tract (12.05%). The pathogens isolated from the infected patients were Gram-negative bacilli (61.8%), Gram-positive bacteria (22.9%) and fungi (15.3%), in which 13.57% were E.coli, 12.06% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 9.55% were Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion Nosocomial infection was acquired mainly in the department of surgery, empyrosis and cardioangiology. The major sites of infection in the inpatients were respiratory tract and urinary tract. Gram-positive bacteria and E. coli were the major pathogens.